Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies
| References | Aim | Population (number) | Mental health difficulty | Setting | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qualitative studies | |||||
| [25] | Gather information to culturally adapt CBT for depression and anxiety in KSA* and Bahrain | 42 Patients (Bahrain 24; KSA 18). 11 Caregivers (Bahrain 7; KSA 4). 16 Psychiatrists and psychologists (Bahrain 11; KSA 5) | Depression and Anxiety | KSA and Bahrain | Only patient sample used |
| [26] | Explore the role of religion in the experience of OCD among young Saudi females | 15 Female | OCD | KSA | |
| [27] | Identify differences in beliefs about mental illness and explore the extent religious beliefs and practices impact on beliefs about causes of, and treatments for, mental illness | 52 Female (Pakistani Muslin 13; White Jewish 13; White Catholic, 10; Indian Hindu, 9; Black African Christian, 7) | Depression and Schizophrenia | UK | Only Pakistani Muslin sample used |
| [29] | Compare perceived effectiveness of religious help with other forms of help | 59 Female | Depression and Schizophrenia | UK | Only Pakistani Muslim sample used |
| [31] | Develop guidelines for adapting CBT for Schizophrenia in Pakistan | 33 Patients; 30 Carers; 15 Psychiatrists; 14 Psychologists | Schizophrenia | Pakistani | Only patient sample used |
| [32] | Investigate attitudes of Pakistani families living in the UK towards mental health issues and mental health services | 29 First generation Females resident in the UK; 23 Second generation Females; 22 Males | N/A | Pakistani in UK | |
| [33] | Explore Muslims understanding of mental health | 14 Muslims | N/A | UK | |
| Quantitative studies | |||||
| [34] | Identify factors contributing to the refusal of psychotherapy | 143 Patients | N/A | KSA | |
| [35] | Examine the influence of social factors on person's attitude towards people with mental illness | 231 Public; 173 medical students; 64 relatives | N/A | Oman | Only public sample used |
| [36] | Examine attitudes toward seeking psychological help regarding self-esteem and depression | 350 College students (273 females; 53 males, 24 not specify gender) | Depression | Emirate | |
| [37] | Measure beliefs of Arabic primary care patients about causes of their physical symptoms to quantify beliefs consulting GPs in Saudi Arabia and examine if patients with psychological problems differ from others in religious and supernatural beliefs | 224 Primary care patients | N/A | KSA | |
| [38] | Identify the role of popular therapy and its effects, treatment methods and the degree to which patients with mental health difficulties accept it | 150 Patients from psychiatric clinic in Riyadh | N/A | KSA | |
| [39] | Explore Muslims’ beliefs about Jinn, black magic and the evil eye as a cause of mental health problems and whether doctors, religious figures or both can provide treatment | 111 Muslims (Male, 59; Female, 52) | N/A | UK | |
| [40] | Identify beliefs regarding causes and treatment of auditory hallucinations, and levels of social acceptance in a *KSA and UK sample | Patients (281: KSA, 150; UK, 131) | N/A | UK and KSA | Only KSA sample used |