Fig. 5. SeC@PA effectively polarized macrophages toward M2 phenotype.

a Flow cytometry analysis of F4/80⁺ CCR7⁺ and F4/80⁺ CD206⁺ cells. b–e Expression levels of p-STAT6, p-JAK1 and p-ERK1/2 in the RAW264.7 cells determined by western blotting after treatments (n = 3 biologically independent samples; mean ± SD). f Representative images of migration of HUVECs treated with different groups. Scale bar is 500 μm. g, i Quantitative analysis of migration and tube formation of HUVECs, respectively (n = 3 biologically independent samples; mean ± SD). h Representative images of tube formation of HUVECs treated with different groups. Scale bar is 200 μm. j–m Expression levels of VEGF in the HUVECs and RAW264.7 cells determined by western blotting (n = 3 biologically independent samples; mean ± SD). n–q Inflammatory cytokine levels of different group (n = 4 biologically independent samples; mean ± SD). The experiments in b, j, l were repeated three times with similar results. Statistical significance was analyzed via two-tailed Student’s t test (c–e, g, i, k, and m) or one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post-hoc test (n–q). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Se@PA: Se-PDA-LA nanoparticles; C@PA(+): Ce6-PDA-LA nanoparticles under 660 nm irradiation (0.2 W/cm²) for 3 min; SeC@PA(+): Se-Ce6-PDA-LA nanoparticles under 660 nm irradiation (0.2 W/cm²) for 3 min.