TABLE 1.

List of semantic content categories with examples, modified from Lahey (1988).

No.	Semantic content category	Abbreviation	Example with Chinese translation
1.	Existence	exist	汽车 “car”
2.	Recurrence	recur	再 “again”
3.	Nonexistence	nonE	没有 “none”
4.	Rejection	rej	别 “do not”
5.	Denial	den	不是 “is not”
6.	Attribution	attri	大的 “big”
7.	Possession	poss	我的 “My”
8.	Locative action	locA	去 “go”
9.	Action 12.	act	睡觉 “sleep”
10.	Locative state	locS	上面 “above”
11.	State	state	饿 “hungry,” 黑暗 “dark”
12.	Quantity	quan	许多 “many”
13.	Notice	noti	看到 (他在跑)”see (him running)”
14.	Dative	dat	跑你 (一支笔) “give you (a pen)”
15.	Additive	add	…和… “and”
16.	Temporal	temp	刚刚 “just”
17.	Causal	caus	因为… “because”
18.	Adversative	adver	但是… “but”
19.	Epistemic	epis	怀疑 (是他做的) “suspect (it is done by him)”
20.	Specification	spec	穿红衣服的男孩 “the boy who wears in red”
21	Communication	com	告诉 (我一个秘密)“tell (me a secret)”