TABLE 2.

Radiosensitizing effect of RSV in cancer cells.

Type of cancer	Doses	Results	References
Glioblastoma (GBM) - derived radioresistant tumor- GBM-CD133 cells	Radiation doses of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 Gy	Radiosensitization was induced through STAT3 inhibition and increased apoptosis	Yang et al. (2012)
	With RSV (100 µM)
U87 GBM cells	Radiation dose of 5 Gy	The combined treatment demonstrated a significant increase in the arrest of cancer cells in the S phase after irradiation, compared to RSV or radiation alone	Leone et al. (2008)
	With RSV (20 µM)
U87 GBM cells	Radiation dose of 2 Gy	RSV inhibited HIF-1α, in addition to decreased colony formation and increase DNA damage in GBM cells. And in combination with IUdR there is increased radiosensitization	Khoei et al. (2016)
	With RSV (20 µM)
	And Iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) (1 µM)
Breast cancer cells (MCF-7)	Radiation dose of 4 Gy	RSV + IR combination treatment has been shown to trigger a cascade of events leading to suppressing p53 and p53 signal transduction genes by NF-κB inhibition, ultimately leading to cell death	Aravindan et al. (2013)
	With RSV (100 µM)
Prostate cancer cells (PCa, PC3, and 22RV1)	Radiation dose of 2 Gy	RSV can reverse radioresistance by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation, inducing the expression of antiproliferative molecules (p53, p21cip1, and p27kip1), increasing IR-induced expression of markers of DNA damage (γH2Ax) and apoptosis (caspase 3)	Rashid et al. (2011)
	With RSV (5 µM)
C6 (C3031)- GBM Rats inoculated with C6 cells for 2 weeks	Radiation dose of 5 Gy	RSV enhanced radiation modulation of inflammation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. In addition, DNA damage was attenuated, and cell arrest was induced in the G0/G1 phase of GBM rats, accompanied by changes in the expression of proteins related to the ATM-AKT-STAT3 pathway	Qian et al. (2022)
	With RSV (40 mg/kg)
Radioresistant prostate cancer cells (PC-3)	Radiation dose of 2, 4, 6, 8 Gy	RSV has a radiosensitizing effect by reducing the expression of cancer stem cell markers and affecting EMT markers	El-Benhawy et al. (2021)
	With RSV (35, 70, 140 µM)
Lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549)	Radiation dose of 6 Gy	RSV combined with irradiation treatment decreased the expression of STIM1 and Orai1. RSV sensitizes A549 cells and significantly enhances the effect of irradiation damage	Lele et al. (2021)
	With RSV 10–200 µM)