TABLE 3.

Comparison of the analytical performance of electrochemical immunosensors developed over the past 3 years to reveal IL-6 in serum samples.

Device	LOD	Linear range	Ref
IDEA/3-MPA/IL-6 mAb	11.8 pg/mL	0.01–1 ng/mL	Oh et al. (2021)
AuNPs-thionine-CMWCNTs	3.87 pg/mL	10 to 0.8 ng/mL	Wang et al. (2020)
ITO/AuNPb-PDOP	3.4 pg/mL	5–1000 pg/mL	Crapnell et al. (2021)
Direct Immunosensor based on Bio-SPEs (our group)	5.4 pg/mL	30–138 pg/mL	Cancelliere et al. (2023a)
Sandwich Immunosensor based on Bio-SPEs	0.8 pg/mL	2–250 pg/mL	This work

Acronyms: IDEA (gold interdigitated electrode array), MPA (mercaptopropionic acid).