Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants stratified by serum Klotho quartiles.
| Variable | Total | Serum Klotho concentration quartiles (pg/mL) | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (≤ 654.33) | Q2 (654.33 – 801.40) | Q3 (801.40 – 990.93) | Q4 (> 993.93) | |||
| Participants (N) | 11,618 | 2,905 | 2,906 | 2,902 | 2,905 | |
| Age (year) | 56.20 ± 0.16 | 57.37 ± 0.23 | 56.39 ± 0.29 | 55.82 ± 0.23 | 55.18 ± 0.25 | < 0.001 |
| Sex n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Female | 5,919 (50.95) | 1,387 (50.68) | 1,384 (48.58) | 1,517 (51.57) | 1,631 (56.72) | |
| Male | 5,699 (49.05) | 1,518 (49.32) | 1,522 (51.42) | 1,385 (48.43) | 1,274 (43.28) | |
| Race n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 5,282 (45.46) | 1,381 (75.82) | 1,416 (77.56) | 1,348 (75.50) | 1,137 (70.29) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2,290 (19.71) | 576 (8.76) | 483 (7.06) | 488 (7.25) | 743 (12.45) | |
| Mexican American | 1,770 (15.23) | 451 (6.06) | 449 (5.90) | 450 (6.42) | 420 (6.29) | |
| Others | 2,276 (19.59) | 497 (9.36) | 558 (9.48) | 616 (10.83) | 605 (10.97) | |
| Education level n (%) | ||||||
| 0.037 | ||||||
| Less than high school | 2,375 (20.44) | 632 (13.43) | 596 (12.40) | 549 (11.40) | 598 (13.28) | |
| High school | 2,597 (22.35) | 710 (24.52) | 621 (21.47) | 669 (22.64) | 597 (20.43) | |
| College or above | 6,646 (57.2) | 1,563 (62.06) | 1,689 (66.13) | 1,684 (65.96) | 1,710 (66.28) | |
| Marital n (%) | 0.099 | |||||
| Married | 7,503 (64.58) | 1,881 (70.73) | 1,881 (71.63) | 1,899 (70.00) | 1,842 (68.94) | |
| Separated | 3,163 (27.22) | 794 (22.84) | 782 (20.62) | 805 (23.64) | 782 (22.75) | |
| Unmarried | 952 (8.19) | 230 (6.43) | 243 (7.75) | 198 (6.36) | 281 (8.31) | |
| Smoking status n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Former | 3,470 (29.87) | 943 (32.57) | 903 (30.58) | 845 (30.64) | 779 (27.75) | |
| Never | 5,857 (50.41) | 1,310 (46.49) | 1,407 (49.96) | 1,517 (52.15) | 1,623 (56.26) | |
| Current | 2,291 (19.72) | 652 (20.94) | 596 (19.45) | 540 (17.21) | 503 (15.99) | |
| Alcohol intake n (%) | 0.002 | |||||
| Former | 2,528 (21.76) | 663 (18.68) | 594 (16.39) | 618 (18.22) | 653 (18.67) | |
| Never | 1,639 (14.11) | 342 (8.28) | 409 (10.56) | 394 (9.40) | 494 (12.49) | |
| Current | 7,451 (64.13) | 1,900 (73.05) | 1,903 (73.05) | 1,890 (72.38) | 1,758 (68.84) | |
| Family of poverty ratio n (%) | 0.581 | |||||
| ≤ 1.3 | 3,483 (29.98) | 918 (17.89) | 868 (16.80) | 837 (16.53) | 860 (17.67) | |
| 1.3–3.5 | 4,201 (36.16) | 1,059 (33.81) | 1,033 (32.95) | 1,040 (31.81) | 1,069 (32.94) | |
| > 3.5 | 3,934 (33.86) | 928 (48.30) | 1,005 (50.25) | 1,025 (51.66) | 976 (49.38) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.61 ± 0.11 | 29.67 ± 0.14 | 29.67 ± 0.17 | 29.63 ± 0.19 | 29.44 ± 0.21 | 0.759 |
| CVD n (%) | 0.003 | |||||
| Yes | 1,612 (13.88) | 501 (13.29) | 397 (10.78) | 377 (10.75) | 337 (9.63) | |
| No | 10,006 (86.12) | 2,404 (86.71) | 2,509 (89.22) | 2,525 (89.25) | 2,568 (90.37) | |
| Diabetes n (%) | 0.278 | |||||
| Yes | 2,796 (24.07) | 731 (18.56) | 645 (17.30) | 663 (17.35) | 757 (19.50) | |
| No | 8,822 (75.93) | 2,174 (81.44) | 2,261 (82.70) | 2,239 (82.65) | 2,148 (80.50) | |
| Hypertension n (%) | 0.009 | |||||
| Yes | 6,296 (54.19) | 1,679 (51.79) | 1,575 (48.43) | 1,511 (46.55) | 1,531 (47.63) | |
| No | 5,322 (45.81) | 1,226 (48.21) | 1,331 (51.57) | 1,391 (53.45) | 1,374 (52.37) | |
CVD, cardiovascular diseases; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; Q, quartile. All values are presented as a number and proportion (%) or mean and SE.