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. 2023 Nov 23;23:2319. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17269-0

Table 3.

Prevalence of insomnia symptoms according to behavioral and psychological characteristics

Variable Total n (%) Insomnia symptoms n (%) P
No Yes
Partner’s smoking habits
 Yes 209(39.1) 81(38.8) 128(61.2) 0.589
 No 326(60.9) 134(41.1) 192(58.9)
Partner’s drinking habits
 Yes 167(31.2) 66(39.5) 101(60.5) 0.832
 No 368(68.8) 149(40.5) 219(59.5)
Time of electronic screen exposure per day (hours)
 ≤ 5 253(47.3) 102(40.3) 151(59.7) 0.954
 >5 282(52.7) 113(40.1) 169(59.9)
Physical exercise
 Often 58(10.8) 28(48.3) 30(51.7) 0.341
 Sometimes 239(44.7) 97(40.6) 142(59.4)
 Never 238(44.5) 90(37.8) 148(62.2)
Doctor-patient communication
 Good 276(51.6) 123(44.6) 153(55.4) 0.033
 Poor 259(48.4) 92(35.5) 167(64.5)
Anxiety symptoms
 Yes 108(20.2) 20(18.5) 88(81.5) < 0.001
 No 427(79.8) 195(45.7) 232(54.3)
Fear of childbirth
 Yes 303(56.6) 96(31.7) 207(68.3) < 0.001
 No 232(43.4) 119(51.3) 113(48.7)
Experience of COVID-19 fear
 Low 387(72.3) 175(45.2) 212(54.8) < 0.001
 High 148(27.7) 40(27.0) 108(73.0)

Notes: COVID-19: corona virus disease 2019; Significant values are in bold