Table 4.

Antibiofilm activity of citral against bacteria.

Microorganism	Dose	Effect	Ref.
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)	100 μg/mL	Citral inhibited the biofilm formation of human severe pathogen MRSA without affecting the growth.	[7]
	25 μg/mL	The percentage of biofilm inhibition by a synergistic combination of citral + thymol was 91%, while 22% and 28% of biofilm inhibition were observed for individual application, respectively.	[74]
S. aureus DMST 4745 S. aureus	0.25 µL/mL	S. aureus DMST 4745 was more susceptible than S. aureus clinical isolate to citral, showing biofilm reductions of 74.6 and 46.5%, respectively.	[48]
C. sakazakii	0.8 mg/mL	1/2 MIC for 48 h decreased biofilm formation by 59.62%.	[55]
	225 μM	The biofilm formation was inhibited by 67.1%, 69.5%, and 70.1% at the tested concentration after treatment at 25 °C for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively.	[75]