. 2023 Oct 30;11(11):2937. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11112937

Table 1.

Diagnostic tools for detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL).

Screening Tests			Confirmatory Tests				Rapid Kit Test
Screening Tests			Phenotypic Methods			Genotypic Methods
Test Name	Antibiotic	Sensitivity	Test Name	Antibiotic	Sensitivity	Genotypic Methods
Kirby-Bauer disks	Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, or aztreonam	92–93%	Double-disk synergy test (DDST)	Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, or aztreonam	70–80%	PCR	Cica Beta Test 1/HMRZ-86/Chromogenic cephalosporin
Vitek			Combination disk method,	Cefotaxime and cefepime	100%	Nucleotide sequencing
			E-test ESBL strip	Cefotaxime and ceftazidime	71–73%	Isoelectric point determination
				Cefepime	90%	DNA probes
						Oligotyping method
						PCR-RFLP
						PCR-SSCP