Table 3.

Current status of ESBL as reported in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan animal health sectors from 2015 to 2023.

	Country	ESBL	Enterobacteriaceae	Species	Source	Prevalence	Reference
1	Bangladesh	bla TEM	E. coli	Chicken	Droppings	78%	[86]
2	India	bla CTX-M-15	E. coli	Poultry	Meat	17%	[107]
3	Pakistan	bla CTX-M-15	E. coli	Migratory birds	Fecal samples	92.3%	[61]
4	Bangladesh	bla TEM	E. coli	Chicken	Meat	86%	[108]
5	India	bla CTX-M-15	E. coli	Piglets	Fecal samples	2.94%	[109]
		bla TEM				6.47%
6	India	bla CTX-M-1	E. coli	Piglets	Fecal samples	55.55%	[110]
7	West Bengal, India	bla CTX-M	Klebsiella spp.	Broiler	Cloacal swabs	10.7%	[111]
		bla SHV				51.5%
		bla TEM				48.5%
8	West Bengal, India	bla CTX-M	E. coli	Cattle	Milk	54.54%	[112]
9	Assam and Meghalaya	bla CTX-M	E. coli, Salmonella.	Pigs	Fecal samples	0.67%	[113]
		bla TEM				2.76%
10	Faisalabad, Pakistan	bla CTX-M-1	E. coli	Dogs	Fecal samples	81.8%	[101]
				Cats		73.9%
11	Pakistan	bla CTX-M-15	E. coli	Wild birds	Fecal samples	92.3%	[61]
12	Punjab, Pakistan	bla TEM-1	Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis	Poultry	Post mortem specimens	44·4%	[114]
13	Lahore, Pakistan	Non-specific	E. coli	Cattle	Feces	66.0%	[105]
				Chicken	Feces	59.0%
				Cattle, Chicken	Raw meat	70.0%
14	Pakistan	bla CTX-M-15	E. coli	Cows	Mastitic milk samples	63.04%	[115]
		blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-14				8.69%
		blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-1				2.17%
		bla TEM				47.82%
		bla SHV				17.39%
15	Pakistan	bla CTX-M bla TEM	E. coli	Backyard chicken	Cloacal swabs	45.1%	[116]
16	Bangladesh	bla SHV	E. coli	Broiler	Raw meat swabs	12.8%	[117]
				Layer		7.61%