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. 2023 Nov 15;13(11):932. doi: 10.3390/bs13110932

Table 3.

Direct, indirect, and total effects of perfectionism on psychological distress through self-compassion.

Direct Effect a Indirect Effect a Total Effect a
β 95% CI p β 95% CI p β 95% CI p
High standards → Self-compassion −0.09 (−0.19, 0.01) 0.057 - - - −0.09 (−0.19, 0.01) 0.057
High standards → Somatic symptoms 0.07 (−0.03, 0.17) 0.190 0.01 (0.00, 0.04) 0.043 0.08 (−0.02, 0.19 0.117
High standards → Anxiety/Insomnia 0.12 (0.02, 0.22) 0.020 0.03 (0.00, 0.06) 0.035 0.15 (0.05, 0.24) 0.004
High standards → Social dysfunction 0.08 (−0.02, 0.18) 0.102 0.02 (0.00, 0.04) 0.026 0.10 (−0.00, 0.20) 0.056
High standards → Severe depression 0.08 (−0.02, 0.18) 0.127 0.04 (0.00, 0.08) 0.043 0.12 (−0.01, 0.23) 0.064
Order → Self-compassion 0.10 (0.02, 0.20) 0.014 - - - 0.10 (0.02, 0.20) 0.014
Order → Somatic symptoms −0.10 (−0.19, −0.01) 0.041 −0.01 (−0.05, −0.00) 0.021 −0.11 (−0.21, −0.02) 0.024
Order → Anxiety/Insomnia −0.06 (−0.17, 0.33) 0.191 −0.03 (−0.07, −0.01) 0.009 −0.09 (−0.20, 0.01) 0.060
Order → Social dysfunction −0.16 (−0.24, −0.07) <0.001 −0.02 (−0.04, −0.00) 0.009 −0.17 (−0.26, −0.09) <0.001
Order → Severe depression −0.09 (−0.19, 0.01) 0.080 −0.04 (−0.08, −0.01) 0.010 −0.13 (−0.24, −0.02) 0.013
Discrepancy → Self-compassion −0.65 (−0.71, −0.58) <0.001 - - - −0.65 (−0.71, −0.58) <0.001
Discrepancy → Somatic symptoms 0.20 (0.06, 0.32) 0.004 0.09 (0.01, 0.18) 0.030 0.29 (0.19, 0.39) <0.001
Discrepancy → Anxiety/Insomnia 0.21 (0.09, 0.35) 0.001 0.18 (0.11, 0.26) <0.001 0.40 (0.30, 0.49) <0.001
Discrepancy → Social dysfunction 0.33 (0.23, 0.44) <0.001 0.11 (0.03, 0.18) 0.005 0.44 (0.36, 0.52) <0.001
Discrepancy → Severe depression 0.22 (0.11, 0.33) <0.001 0.25 (0.17, 0.33) <0.001 0.48 (0.39, 0.55) <0.001
Self-compassion → Somatic symptoms −0.14 (−0.28, −0.01) 0.031 - - - −0.14 (−0.28, −0.01) 0.031
Self-compassion → Anxiety/Insomnia −0.28 (−0.40, −0.16) <0.001 - - - −0.28 (−0.40, −0.16) <0.001
Self-compassion → Social dysfunction −0.17 (−0.28, −0.05) 0.006 - - - −0.17 (−0.28, −0.05) 0.006
Self-compassion → Severe depression −0.39 (−0.50, −0.26) <0.001 - - - −0.39 (−0.50, −0.26) <0.001

Abbreviations: model fit indices: chi-square χ2 (6) = 0.286 (p  =  0.99), GFI  =  0.96, NFI  =  0.96, IFI = 1.00, CFI =  0.96, RMSEA  =  0.001. a Standardized regression coefficients, corresponding bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals and associated p values. Bold font indicates significant effects (p < 0.05).