Table 3.
Direct, indirect, and total effects of perfectionism on psychological distress through self-compassion.
| Direct Effect a | Indirect Effect a | Total Effect a | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | |
| High standards → Self-compassion | −0.09 | (−0.19, 0.01) | 0.057 | - | - | - | −0.09 | (−0.19, 0.01) | 0.057 |
| High standards → Somatic symptoms | 0.07 | (−0.03, 0.17) | 0.190 | 0.01 | (0.00, 0.04) | 0.043 | 0.08 | (−0.02, 0.19 | 0.117 |
| High standards → Anxiety/Insomnia | 0.12 | (0.02, 0.22) | 0.020 | 0.03 | (0.00, 0.06) | 0.035 | 0.15 | (0.05, 0.24) | 0.004 |
| High standards → Social dysfunction | 0.08 | (−0.02, 0.18) | 0.102 | 0.02 | (0.00, 0.04) | 0.026 | 0.10 | (−0.00, 0.20) | 0.056 |
| High standards → Severe depression | 0.08 | (−0.02, 0.18) | 0.127 | 0.04 | (0.00, 0.08) | 0.043 | 0.12 | (−0.01, 0.23) | 0.064 |
| Order → Self-compassion | 0.10 | (0.02, 0.20) | 0.014 | - | - | - | 0.10 | (0.02, 0.20) | 0.014 |
| Order → Somatic symptoms | −0.10 | (−0.19, −0.01) | 0.041 | −0.01 | (−0.05, −0.00) | 0.021 | −0.11 | (−0.21, −0.02) | 0.024 |
| Order → Anxiety/Insomnia | −0.06 | (−0.17, 0.33) | 0.191 | −0.03 | (−0.07, −0.01) | 0.009 | −0.09 | (−0.20, 0.01) | 0.060 |
| Order → Social dysfunction | −0.16 | (−0.24, −0.07) | <0.001 | −0.02 | (−0.04, −0.00) | 0.009 | −0.17 | (−0.26, −0.09) | <0.001 |
| Order → Severe depression | −0.09 | (−0.19, 0.01) | 0.080 | −0.04 | (−0.08, −0.01) | 0.010 | −0.13 | (−0.24, −0.02) | 0.013 |
| Discrepancy → Self-compassion | −0.65 | (−0.71, −0.58) | <0.001 | - | - | - | −0.65 | (−0.71, −0.58) | <0.001 |
| Discrepancy → Somatic symptoms | 0.20 | (0.06, 0.32) | 0.004 | 0.09 | (0.01, 0.18) | 0.030 | 0.29 | (0.19, 0.39) | <0.001 |
| Discrepancy → Anxiety/Insomnia | 0.21 | (0.09, 0.35) | 0.001 | 0.18 | (0.11, 0.26) | <0.001 | 0.40 | (0.30, 0.49) | <0.001 |
| Discrepancy → Social dysfunction | 0.33 | (0.23, 0.44) | <0.001 | 0.11 | (0.03, 0.18) | 0.005 | 0.44 | (0.36, 0.52) | <0.001 |
| Discrepancy → Severe depression | 0.22 | (0.11, 0.33) | <0.001 | 0.25 | (0.17, 0.33) | <0.001 | 0.48 | (0.39, 0.55) | <0.001 |
| Self-compassion → Somatic symptoms | −0.14 | (−0.28, −0.01) | 0.031 | - | - | - | −0.14 | (−0.28, −0.01) | 0.031 |
| Self-compassion → Anxiety/Insomnia | −0.28 | (−0.40, −0.16) | <0.001 | - | - | - | −0.28 | (−0.40, −0.16) | <0.001 |
| Self-compassion → Social dysfunction | −0.17 | (−0.28, −0.05) | 0.006 | - | - | - | −0.17 | (−0.28, −0.05) | 0.006 |
| Self-compassion → Severe depression | −0.39 | (−0.50, −0.26) | <0.001 | - | - | - | −0.39 | (−0.50, −0.26) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: model fit indices: chi-square χ2 (6) = 0.286 (p = 0.99), GFI = 0.96, NFI = 0.96, IFI = 1.00, CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.001. a Standardized regression coefficients, corresponding bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals and associated p values. Bold font indicates significant effects (p < 0.05).