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. 2023 Oct 29;13(11):1592. doi: 10.3390/biom13111592

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Forest plot of causal associations between gamma-glutamyl transferase and stroke-subtypes before removing SNPs related to confounding factors. (A) Cardioembolic stroke; (B) Small vessel stroke; (C) Large artery stroke. Alcohol consumption, atrial fibrillation, and body mass index were considered as confounding factors. SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; IVW, inverse-variance weighted; MR, Mendelian randomization; SIMEX, simulation extrapolation; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.