Table 3.
Summary of immunotherapy and their status in the treatment of GBM.
| Type | Name | Drug | Combinations | Status | Clinical Trials ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dual Checkpoint Blocker | CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) | PD-1 (nivolumab) therapy | Phase I | NCT02311920 |
| PD-1 (nivolumab) | Anti-LAG-3 (BMS 986016)/anti CD137 (urelumab) | NCT02658981 | |||
| anti-CD-27 (varlilumab) | Phase I/II | NCT02335918 | |||
| Intratumoral IDO1 inhibitor (INT230-6) | NCT03058289 | ||||
| IDO1 inhibitor (epacadostat) | NCT02327078 | ||||
| PD-L1 (durvalumab) | CTLA-4 (tremelimumab) | Phase II | NCT02794883 | ||
| 2 | Vaccines | PD-1 (pembrolizumab) | HSPPC-96 | NCT03018288 | |
| AVeRT | |||||
| PD-1 (nivolumab) | pp65 DC | Phase I | NCT02529072 | ||
| DCVAX-L | NCT03014804 | ||||
| 3 | Virus | PD-1 (pembrolizumab) | DNX-2401 | NCT02798406 | |
| 4 | Radiation Therapy | Pembro | Hypofractionated stereotactic irradiation | NCT02313272 | |
| Nivo | SRS + Valproic acid | NCT02648633 | |||
| hypofractionated stereotactic irradiation | NCT02829931 | ||||
| PD-L1 (durvalumab) | Hypofractionated stereotactic irradiation | Phase I/II | NCT02866747 | ||
| 5 | Laser Treatment | MK-3475 | MRI-guided laser ablation | NCT02311582 | |
| 6 | CSF-1R inibitor | Nivo | CSF-1r inhibitor (BLZ945) | NCT02526017 | |
| PD-1 (PDR001) | CSF-1r inhibitor (FPA008) | Phase I | NCT02829723 |