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. 2023 Nov 20;13(11):1675. doi: 10.3390/biom13111675

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Petroselinic acid biosynthesis pathway in Umbelliferae (viz. coriander seeds). Essential enzymes are required for the biosynthesis of this acid. Initially, specific petroselinic acid biosynthesis genes (i.e., Cs-ACPD-1/3, Cs-KAS I-1) are essential for the biosynthesis of enzymes required for petroselinic acid biosynthesis. The expression of genes is not influenced by ABA. After palmitoyl-ACP (16:0-ACP) production, an ACPD1/3 is required to induce a cis double bond and produce 16:1∆4-ACP (a), while ACPD3 may desaturate 18:0-ACP (b). The elongation of 16:1∆4-ACP by KAS I-1 produced petroselinoyl-ACP (18:1∆6-ACP). The release of petroselinic acid from ACP is hydrolyzed by a fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase (FATB-1/3). Finely, petroselinic acid is activated as acyl-CoA by long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACS) and transferred to the ER, and further follows the Kennedy pathway to storage as TAG.