Table 1.

Role of Dysregulated Key miRNAs in Endometriosis-associated Infertility.

miRNAs	Dysregulation	Target Gene/Signaling Pathway	Effects	Ref.
miR-543	Downregulated	-	Affect embryo implantation	[158]
miR-135a/b	Upregulated	HOXA10	Downregulate the expression of implantation-related genes, including HOXA10	[159]
miR-29c	Upregulated	FKBP4	Lead to impaired expression of FKBP4 (Decidualization marker)—progesterone resistance	[160]
miR-194-3p	Upregulated	PR	Progesterone resistance, inhibit decidualization	[161]
miR-2861	Downregulated	STAT3, MMP2	Upregulate STAT3 and MMP2 expression and thus promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of ectopic endometrial cells in EMS	[162,163]
miR-33b	Upregulated	Wnt/β-catenin	Decrease Wnt/β-catenin signaling, inhibit the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) protein expression, impair endometrial decidualization	[123,164,165]
miR-488	Downregulated	Wnt signaling	Suppress Wnt signaling, inhibit endometrial glandular cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	[123,166]
miR-141-3p	Downregulated	KLF12	Inhibit apoptosis, induce cell proliferation and migration decrease decidualization in ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs)	[167,168,169,170]
miR-205-5p	Downregulated	ANGPT2	Reduce apoptosis and promote migration and invasion in ectopic endometrium	[163,174]
miR-138	Downregulated	NF-κB/VEGF	Induce inflammation, reduce apoptosis via inhibition of nuclear factor-NF-κB and VEGF signaling pathway	[175]
miR-370-3p	Downregulated	SF-1	Reduce apoptosis, induce cell proliferation, inhibit decidualization—results in infertility	[176,177]
miR-34a/b/c	Downregulated	SIRT1	Progesterone resistance, enhance proliferation and ectopic tissue survival	[171,172]
miR-196a	Upregulated	MEK/ERK	Progesterone resistance, decrease decidualization	[173]
miR-9	Downregulated	BCL-2	Reduce apoptosis	[163,178]
miR-451	Downregulated	YWHAZ, OSR1, TTN, and CDKN2D	Promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis	[163,179]
miR-125b	Upregulated	MMP26	Change progesterone level and influence endometrial receptivity	[180]
miR-139-5p	Up-regulated	HOXA9, HOXA10	Impair endometrial receptivity	[181,182]
miR-210-3p	Up-regulated	BARD1	Promote cell proliferation, response to DNA damage caused by oxidative stress	[102,183]
miR22-5p	Downregulated	TET2	Regulate estrogen receptor 2 expression, DNA methylation	[184]
miR-27b-3p	Upregulated	HOXA10	Enhance cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	[185,186]
miR-92a	Upregulated	PTEN	Progesterone resistance, higher cell proliferation	[187]
miRNA Let-7 family	Upregulated	H19 IncRNA, IGF1R, KRAS	Inhibit eutopic endometrial cell proliferation, leading to impaired endometrial receptivity	[188]