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Schematic view of the role of NRF2-knockdown-induced ciliogenesis inhibition in skin hyperpigmentation. NRF2 downregulation caused by repeated UV exposure or melasma inhibited ciliogenesis and Hh signaling molecules, such as IFT88 and GLI1, stimulating keratinocyte differentiation with melanin synthesis and melanosome transfer to the keratinocytes, which resulted in skin hyperpigmentation.
