%	Percent
°C	Degree Celsius
×g	Gravitational force equivalent
ACE2	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
BSL	Biosafety level
c	Concentration
cfVLPNT	Cell-free VLP neutralization test
CN	Concordant negative
conc.	Concentrated
COVID-19	Coronavirus disease 2019
CP	Concordant positive
CPE	Cytopathic effect
CTSL	Cathepsin L
CTV	CellTraceViolet (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
CTY	CellTraceYellow (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
CV	Coefficient of variation
cVNT	Conventional virus neutralization test
D	Discrepant
Da	Dalton
dd	Double distilled
DMEM	Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium
DMSO	Dimethyl sulfoxide
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
E	Envelope protein
e.g.	exempli gratia
EB-VLP	Epstein-Barr virus-like particle
EBV	Epstein-Barr virus
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EV	Extracellular vesicle
FBS	Fetal bovine serum
FL	Full length
FN	False negative
FP	False positive
FSC	Forward scatter
g	Gram
GMO	Genetically modified organism
GMT	Geometric mean titer
h	Human
HIV	Human immunodeficiency viruses
HRP	Horseradish peroxidase
IC50	Half maximal inhibitory concentration
IgG	Immunoglobulin G
IU	International units
k	kilo
kb	kilo base pair
L	Liter
LOD	Limit of detection
log10	Decadic logarithm
Luc	Luciferase
M	Membrane protein
m	Meter
m	milli
M	mol L−1
mAb	Monoclonal antibody
MERS-CoV	Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus
min	Minutes
MLV	Murine leukemia virus
MMP	Matrix metalloproteinase
MNA	Microneutralization assay
mol	Mole
mRNA	Messenger RNA
N	Nucleoprotein
n	nano
n	Sample number
n.a.	Not applicable
na	Not available
NAb	Neutralizing antibody
NIBSC	UK National Institute for Biological Standards and Control
nLuc	nano-Luciferase
NM	N-myristoly
NmAb	Neutralizing monoclonal antibody
non-red.	Non-reducing
NPV	Negative predictive value
ns	Not significant
NTA	Nanoparticle tracking analysis
p	p-value
PAGE	Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
PBS	Phosphate buffered saline
PCR	Polymerase chain reaction
Pen	Penicillin
PFU	Plaque-forming units
PPV	Positive predictive value
PRNT	Plaque reduction neutralization test
PRNT50	50% plaque reduction neutralization titer
pVNT	Pseudotyped virus neutralization test
r	Pearson correlation coefficient
RBD	Receptor binding domain
RBM	Receptor binding motif
red.	Reducing
RLU	Relative light units
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
RT	Room temperature
RT-qPCR	Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR
S	Spike protein
SARS-CoV	Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2
SD	Standard deviation
SDS	Sodium dodecyl sulfate
SpO2	Peripheral oxygen saturation
SSC-H	Side scatter height
Strep	Streptomycin
sVNT	Surrogate virus neutralization tests
TBS	Tris-buffered saline
TBST	Tris-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween-20
TMPRSS2	Transmembrane protease serine 2
TN	True negative
TP	True positive
Tris	Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
V	Volt
VLP	Virus-like-particle
VLPN50	50% VLP neutralization titer
VLPNT	VLP neutralization test
VNT	Virus neutralization tests
VNT100	100% virus neutralization titer
VNT50	50% virus neutralization titer
VOC	Variant of concern
VSV	Vesicular stomatitis virus
w/v	Weight per volume
WB	Western-blot
WHO	World Health Organization
µ	micro