Table 3.
Risk and survival analyses when matched for age and laboratory measures.
| Measure Matched with Age | n | Patients with AD | Risk | Risk Difference (p-Value) |
Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
Kaplan–Meier Survivability (%) |
p-Value (Log-Rank Test) |
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 919,405 | 5161 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 2.289 | 98.93% | 1.860 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 919,405 | 11,813 | 0.013 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.216, 2.365) | 98.06% | (1.800, 1922) | ||
| Sodium (mmol/L) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 951,651 | 4551 | 0.005 | 0.007 | 2.564 | 99.15% | 2.241 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 951,651 | 11,670 | 0.012 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.478, 2.653) | 98.16% | (2.166, 2.319) | ||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 951,822 | 4632 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 2.556 | 99.14% | 2.241 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 951,822 | 11,838 | 0.012 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.471, 2.644) | 98.13% | (2.166, 2.318) | ||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 979,884 | 5085 | 0.005 | 0.007 | 2.422 | 99.07% | 2.118 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 979,884 | 12,315 | 0.013 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.344, 2.502) | 98.10% | (2.050, 2.189) | ||
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 974,220 | 5078 | 0.005 | 0.007 | 2.413 | 99.06% | 2.121 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 974,220 | 12,254 | 0.013 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.336, 2.493) | 98.09% | (2.053, 2.192) | ||
| LDL (mg/dL) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 973,827 | 5089 | 0.005 | 0.007 | 2.390 | 99.06% | 2.100 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 973,827 | 12,165 | 0.012 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.314, 2.470) | 98.10% | (2.032, 2.170) | ||
| HDL (mg/dL) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 952,564 | 4941 | 0.005 | 0.007 | 2.387 | 99.07% | 2.105 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 952,564 | 11,794 | 0.012 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.309, 2.467) | 98.12% | (2.036, 2.176) | ||
| CRP (mg/dL) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 1,116,404 | 6001 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 2.505 | 98.96% | 2.000 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 1,116,404 | 15,030 | 0.013 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.431, 2.580) | 98.01% | (1.941, 2.060) |
Cohort 1 represents the “normal oral health” cohort, while Cohort 2 represents the “poor oral health” cohort. Propensity score matching was performed to match for age and common laboratory measures. Statistically significant risks or survival probabilities are indicated by an asterisk. Abbreviations—AD: Alzheimer’s disease, BMI: body mass index, CRP: C-reactive protein, HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.