Table 4.
Risk and survival analyses after matching for gender and laboratory measures.
| Measure Matched with Gender | n | Patients with AD | Risk | Risk Difference (p-Value) |
Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
Kaplan–Meier Survivability (%) |
p-Value (Log-Rank Test) |
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 921,644 | 5919 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 2.011 | 98.76% | 1.617 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 921,644 | 11,904 | 0.013 | (p < 0.001 *) | (1.950, 2.075) | 98.05% | (1.567, 1.668) | ||
| Sodium (mmol/L) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 952,388 | 5384 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 2.255 | 98.98% | 1.942 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 952,388 | 12,142 | 0.013 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.184, 2.328) | 98.08% | (1.880, 2.005) | ||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 952,489 | 5399 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 2.272 | 98.98% | 1.966 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 952,489 | 12,267 | 0.013 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.201, 2.346) | 98.06% | (1.904, 2.030) | ||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 958,532 | 5649 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 2.145 | 98.94% | 1.860 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 958,532 | 12,116 | 0.013 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.078, 2.213) | 98.09% | (1.802, 1.920) | ||
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 955,709 | 5636 | 0.005 | 0.007 | 2.138 | 98.94% | 1.866 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 955,709 | 12,050 | 0.013 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.072, 2.206) | 98.08% | (1.808, 1.926) | ||
| LDL (mg/dL) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 953,687 | 5645 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 2.116 | 98.93% | 1.845 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 953,687 | 11,945 | 0.013 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.050, 2.184) | 98.10% | (1.787, 1.904) | ||
| HDL (mg/dL) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 953,537 | 5622 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 2.136 | 98.94% | 1.861 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 953,537 | 12,006 | 0.013 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.069, 2.204) | 98.09% | (1.803, 1.921) | ||
| CRP (mg/dL) | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Cohort 1 | 1,118,368 | 6819 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 2.214 | 98.82% | 1.753 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 1,118,368 | 15,099 | 0.014 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.152, 2.278) | 98.00% | (1.704, 1.804) |
Cohort 1 represents the “normal oral health” cohort, while Cohort 2 represents the “poor oral health” cohort. Propensity score matching was performed to match for gender and common laboratory measures. Statistically significant risks or survival probabilities are indicated by an asterisk. Abbreviations—AD: Alzheimer’s disease, BMI: body mass index, CRP: C-reactive protein, HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.