Table 5.
Risk and survival analyses for specific diseases of the oral cavity.
| Oral Disease or Condition | n | Patients with AD | Risk | Risk Difference (p-Value) |
Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
Kaplan–Meier Survivability (%) |
p-Value (Log-Rank Test) |
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UMLS:ICD10CM:K01 | p = 0.215 | p = 0.215 | |||||||
| Embedded and impacted teeth | |||||||||
| Cohort 1 | 13,922 | 58 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 1.517 | 99.25% | 1.233 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 13,922 | 88 | 0.006 | (p = 0.013 *) | (1.090, 2.112) | 99.12% | (0.885, 1.718) | ||
| UMLS:ICD10CM:K02 | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Dental caries | |||||||||
| Cohort 1 | 270,176 | 1134 | 0.004 | 0.008 | 2.918 | 99.23% | 2.358 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 270,176 | 3309 | 0.012 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.728, 3.121) | 98.25% | (2.204, 2.523) | ||
| UMLS:ICD10CM:K03 | p < 0.001 * | p = 0.313 | |||||||
| Other diseases of hard tissues of teeth | |||||||||
| Cohort 1 | 43,765 | 190 | 0.004 | 0.008 | 2.684 | 99.20% | 2.056 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 43,765 | 510 | 0.012 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.274, 3.169) | 98.39% | (1.740, 2.428) | ||
| UMLS:ICD10CM:K04 | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues | |||||||||
| Cohort 1 | 177,872 | 787 | 0.004 | 0.007 | 2.593 | 99.17% | 2.132 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 177,872 | 2041 | 0.011 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.389, 2.815) | 98.31% | (1.963, 2.315) | ||
| UMLS:ICD10CM:K05 | p < 0.001 * | p = 0.001 * | |||||||
| Gingivitis and periodontal diseases | |||||||||
| Cohort 1 | 138,077 | 621 | 0.004 | 0.009 | 2.823 | 99.14% | 2.195 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 138,077 | 1753 | 0.013 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.577, 3.092) | 98.21% | (2.003, 2.405) | ||
| UMLS:ICD10CM:K06 | p < 0.001 * | p = 0.376 | |||||||
| Other diseases of gingiva and edentulous alveolar ridge | |||||||||
| Cohort 1 | 32,500 | 204 | 0.006 | 0.010 | 2.637 | 98.76% | 2.066 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 32,500 | 538 | 0.017 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.246, 3.096) | 97.53% | (1.758, 2.428) | ||
| UMLS:ICD10CM:K08 | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | |||||||
| Other disorders of teeth and supporting structures | |||||||||
| Cohort 1 | 300,038 | 1493 | 0.005 | 0.011 | 3.186 | 99.07% | 2.529 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 300,038 | 4757 | 0.016 | (p < 0.001 *) | (3.007, 3.376) | 97.72% | (2.386, 2.681) | ||
| UMLS:ICD10CM:K09 | p = 0.061 | p = 0.465 | |||||||
| Cysts of oral region, not elsewhere classified | |||||||||
| Cohort 1 | 9954 | 50 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 1.760 | 99.05% | 1.392 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 9954 | 88 | 0.009 | (p = 0.001 *) | (1.245, 2.488) | 98.65% | (0.984, 1.970) | ||
| UMLS:ICD10CM:K11 | p < 0.001 * | p = 0.347 | |||||||
| Diseases of salivary glands | |||||||||
| Cohort 1 | 236,672 | 1596 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 2.283 | 98.66% | 1.772 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 236,672 | 3644 | 0.015 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.153, 2.421) | 97.67% | (1.671, 1.879) | ||
| UMLS:ICD10CM:K12 | p < 0.001 * | p = 0.096 | |||||||
| Stomatitis and related lesions | |||||||||
| Cohort 1 | 215,892 | 1168 | 0.005 | 0.006 | 2.115 | 98.95% | 1.684 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 215,892 | 2470 | 0.011 | (p < 0.001 *) | (1.973, 2.267) | 98.26% | (1.571, 1.806) | ||
| UMLS:ICD10CM:K13 | p < 0.001 * | p = 0.004 * | |||||||
| Other diseases of lip and oral mucosa | |||||||||
| Cohort 1 | 267,285 | 1628 | 0.006 | 0.008 | 2.295 | 98.93% | 1.752 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 267,285 | 3737 | 0.014 | (p < 0.001 *) | (2.166, 2.432) | 97.93% | (1.653, 1.858) | ||
| UMLS:ICD10CM:K14 | p < 0.001 * | p = 0.726 | |||||||
| Diseases of tongue | |||||||||
| Cohort 1 | 119,952 | 733 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 2.097 | 98.78% | 1.617 | ||
| Cohort 2 | 119,952 | 1537 | 0.013 | (p < 0.001 *) | (1.921, 2.289) | 98.02% | (1.481, 1.766) |
Cohort 1 represents the “normal oral health” cohort, while Cohort 2 represents the “poor oral health” cohort. Propensity score matching was performed to match for age and gender for all comparisons. Statistically significant risks or survival probabilities are indicated by an asterisk. Abbreviations—AD: Alzheimer’s disease, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.