Table 3.

Hierarchical regression results for psychological distress in male and female students two years after COVID-19 pandemic period in Spain (n = 400).

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4
Variable	B	SE B	β	B	SE B	β	B	SE B	β	B	SE B	β
MALE (n = 189)
Age	−0.29	0.22	−0.01	−0.37	0.20	−0.12	−0.42	0.20	−0.14 *	−0.22	0.17	−0.07
Social Support				−0.31	0.05	−0.40 ***	−0.29	0.05	−0.38 ***	−0.10	0.04	−0.13 *
Stressful Events							0.55	0.27	0.14 *	0.23	0.23	0.06
Self-Esteem										−0.73	0.08	−0.59 ***
R 2		0.01			0.17			0.19			0.46
F for change in R2		1.75			35.84 ***			4.09 *			91.40 ***
1 − β		0.28			1			1			1
f2		0.01			0.21			0.24			0.85
FEMALE (n = 211)
Age	0.79	0.25	0.22 **	0.70	0.23	19 **	0.61	0.23	0.17 **	0.30	0.20	0.08
Social Support				−0.32	0.06	−0.32 ***	−0.25	0.07	−0.25 ***	−0.06	0.06	−0.06
Stressful Events							0.92	0.30	0.21 **	0.52	0.26	0.12 *
Self-Esteem										−0.68	0.08	−0.52 ***
R 2		0.05			0.15			0.18			0.39
F for change in R2		10.25 **			24.38 ***			9.55 **			69.70 ***
1 − β		0.91			1			1			1
f 2		0.05			0.18			0.22			0.64

* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; 1 − β = statistical power; f² = effect size.