Table 1.
Novel therapeutic agents with potential beneficial effects on insulin resistance and metabolic disorders.
| Proposed Therapeutic Agents | Effects | References |
|---|---|---|
| Umbelliferone | Reduction in ER-stress-mediated apoptosis. Decrease in lipogenesis markers (SREBP1 and PPARγ) | [157] |
| Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees | Modulation of the IRS-1/GLUT-2 pathway due to IL-6 inhibition | [158] |
| Icariin | Reduction in thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and suppression of ER stress | [159] |
| Lunasin | Regulation of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and glucose utilization and amelioration of glucose uptake | [160] |
| Glucosamine | Inhibition of the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway | [161] |
| D-allulose | Anti-inflammatory effects through the suppression of INF-γ and the enhancement of macrophage function | [162] |
| Syzygium cumini | Partial agonism of PPARγ and an increase in the expression of adiponectin, an insulin sensitizer | [163] |
| Morin and 1-deoxynojirimycin | Suppression of cytokine signaling 3 and CD36/Serbp1/Fas signaling and promotion of PPARγ | [164] |
| Nobiletin | Suppression of adipocyte development in a clock-dependent manner | [155] |