Table 2.
Anti-diabetes drugs.
| Drug | Target/Mechanism | Experimental System | Further Development? | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin | Involvement of the AMPK pathway | T2DM patients and mice | Inconclusive results | [91,92,93,94,95,96] |
| Sulfonylurea, meglitinide/ glinides |
ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibitors | Meta analysis in patients | Not suitable | [100] |
| Pioglitazone, lobeglitazone |
PPAR activators | T2DM patients | Not suitable | [101,102,103] |
| Glibenclamide | SGLT2 inhibitor | T2DM patients | Inconclusive results | [105,106] |
| Vildagliptin | DPP-IV inhibitor | T2DM patients and monkeys | Inconclusive results | [107,108] |
| Liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide | GLP-1 analogs | T2DM patients, HFD-fed or aged mice | Inconclusive results | [109,110,111,112,113] |