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. 2023 Nov 7;13(22):3398. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13223398

Figure 1.

Figure 1

RAS and its components. Ang II, the pivotal element, acts mainly on AT1R and has opposite effects on AT2R. AT1R promotes vasoconstriction, inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress (OS) and increases the aldosterone levels. Contrarily, AT2R promotes vasodilatation and decreases inflammation and cellular growth. Ang II can be transformed by ACE2 into Ang-(1-7), which acts on MasR, with anti-inflammatory effects (adapted after [14]).