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. 2023 Nov 18;13(11):1604. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13111604

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Hypothetical neural mechanisms of tDCS over the FPA in neuro-rehabilitation. Dopamine neurons in the SNc and VTA receive excitatory glutamatergic transmission directly and/or indirectly from the PFC. Thus, tDCS stimulation of FPA, which sends projections to midbrain dopamine neurons, may affect dopamine cells in the SNc of PD patients. Furthermore, tDCS over the FPA might reorganize the functional connectivity of the M1 area through the dlPFC and nucleus accumbens (NAC). Red arrows indicate direct and/or indirect projections from the FPA, while blue arrows indicate dopamine projections.