Table 1.
Key drivers of ChatGPT use for academic purposes in higher education.
| Drivers | Description |
|---|---|
| Quick Response (ST, FC, EDLE) * |
ChatGPT can provide immediate feedback on assignments, questions, and exercises. |
| Ease of Use (ST, FC, EDLE) * |
ChatGPT offers a smooth, simple, friendly and understandable interface for users to input queries, receive responses, and navigate its functionalities. |
| Classroom and Homework Assistance (ST, FC) * |
ChatGPT can facilitate teaching and studying by explaining specific topics. |
| Language Proof Reading and Editing (ST, FC) * |
It could correct lanague, such as via spelling, grammar, punctuation, and syntax errors, in written assignments or projects. |
| Problem Solving (ST) * |
The capability of ChatGPT to assist students in resolving issues, answering questions, or finding solutions to various challenges or inquiries. |
| Data Analysis (ST) * |
The capability of ChatGPT to assist students in complex textual data inteprretaion, tackling analytical challenges, and solving math problems and puzzles. |
| Test Preparation (ST, FC) * |
ChatGPT can generate practice questions, review key concepts, and test knowledge on specific subjects. |
| Research Support (ST, FC) * |
ChatGPT can assist in conducting research by providing relevant information, suggesting sources, and helping refine research questions. |
| Concept Clarification (ST, FC) * |
ChatGPT can offer clear explanations and examples to aid in understanding unknown concepts. |
| Supplementary Learning Resource (ST, FC) * |
ChatGPT can provide additional educational material, information, or assistance to enhance a student’s understanding of a subject or topic. |
| Adaptive Learning (ST, FC) * |
ChatGPT can tailor its responses and recommendations based on student needs, progress, and preferences. |
| Assessment Activities (FC) * |
ChatGPT can assist faculty in activities, assess students‘ levels of competence, identify areas of strength or weakness, and provide feedback or recommendations for improvement. |
* Codes of participants who commented on this point (ST = students; FC = faculty; EDLE = education leaders/experts).