Table 3.

Negative consequences of ChatGPT use for academic purposes in education.

Consequences	Description
Overreliance (FC, EDLE) *	Excessive dependence on ChatGPT can lead to students relying on it for answers without truly understanding the material. This can hinder critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
Academic Integrity (FC, EDLE) *	The misuse of information and knowledge generated by ChatGPT may result negatively in copyright violations.
Lack of Quality and Accuracy (FC, EDLE) *	While ChatGPT can provide quick responses, the accuracy and quality of the information can vary. Incorrect or misleading answers or information may negatively impact learning outcomes.
Learning Outcomes (FC, EDLE) *	The use of ChatGPT has a negative impact on educational support and may reduce social interaction between students and faculty, as well as affecting their learning experience.
Potnetial Bais (FC, EDLE) *	ChatGPT may generate responses or recommendations that reflect unintentional prejudices or imbalances.
Student Skill Set (FC, EDLE) *	Excessive reliance on ChatGPT may cause students to habitually turn to ChatGPT for answers, as well as hindering the development of students’ essential skills.

* Codes of participants who commented on this point (ST = students; FC = faculty; EDLE = education leaders/experts).