Table 1.
Overview of Noteworthy Papers and Findings Compiled in this Review.
| Reference | Year | Study Population | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Section 4.1 Resection: Section 4.1.1 Expansion of selection criteria | |||
| Kokudo et al. [36] | 2016 | 6474 (LR n = 2093 and non-LR n = 4381) | Patients with PVTT confined to a first-order branch had improved survival with surgical intervention. |
| Molina et al. [39] | 2018 | 45 (CSPH n = 15 and w/o CSPH n = 30) | Laparoscopic resection could be safely performed in well-selected patients with CSPH. |
| Section 4.1 Resection: Section 4.1.2 Optimizing future liver remnant | |||
| Buechter et al. [60] | 2019 | 102 | The LiMAx test is a non-invasive tool capable of providing real-time measurements of liver function with higher accuracy than TE and serum biomarker. |
| Chan et al. [67] | 2021 | 148 (ALPPS n = 46 and PVE n = 102) | ALPPS allowed more patients to undergo resection, promoting faster and greater FLR hypertrophy, while maintaining comparable postoperative and oncological outcomes. |
| Cioffi et al. [69] | 2023 | 119 | Minimally invasive ALPPS demonstrated FLR augmentation of nearly 88%, suggesting to be a feasible and effective approach with the potential of improving the morbidity related to this procedure. |
| Serenari et al. [73] | 2023 | 268 | From 2012 to 2021, the minimally invasive approach to ALPPS increased by 43% in Stage 1, and 27% in Stage 2. This approach was associated with reduced morbidity. |
| Section 4.1 Resection: Section 4.1.3 Minimally invasive surgery | |||
| El-Genti et al. [79] | 2018 | 50 (OLR n = 25 and LLR n = 25) | LLR provides shorter operative time and length of hospital stay with similar complication rate and oncological outcomes. |
| Wang et al. [82] | 2023 | 4380 (LLR n = 1108 and OLR n = 3289) | LLR reduces wound infection, wound pain, and bile leakage when compared to OLR. |
| Zhang et al. [83] | 2020 | 3544 (RLR n = 1312 and LLR n = 2232) | RLR was associated with decreased conversion rate, but increased total cost, operative time, and transfusion rate when compared to LLR. |
| Section 4.1 Resection: Section 4.1.4 Visalization techniques | |||
| Zhu et al. [91] | 2023 | 76 (ARN-FI n = 42 and non-ARN-FI n = 34) | The use of a combination of ARN and fluorescence imaging (FI) in laparoscopic resections was associated with reduced rates of blood loss, conversion to laparotomy, postoperative complications, and hospital stay. |
| Section 4.1 Resection: Section 4.1.5 Ex vivo resection | |||
| Weiner et al. [97] | 2022 | 35 | Favorable outcomes for overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years for patients with low-grade to highly aggressive malignancies suggest that the more liberal use of this technique could benefit selected patients. |
| Section 4.1 Resection: Section 4.1.6 Hemorrhage prevention and control | |||
| Li et al. [101] | 2023 | 151 (Group 20 n = 75 and Group 15 n = 76) | In resections using IPM combined with CLCVP, extending the hepatic hilum occlusion time from 15 to 20 min resulted in significantly shorter operative times with similar bleeding and postoperative aminotransferase levels. |
| Section 4.2 Liver transplantation: Section 4.2.1 Inclusion criteria | |||
| Xu et al. [107] | 2016 | 6012 | The Milan criteria excluded 56% of LT candidates. Meanwhile, 4 alternatives, more included crtieria, expanded the pool of eligible patients from 12.4 to 51.5%, and maintained similar outcomes. |
| Commander et al. [108] | 2018 | 2068 (Region 4 Criteria n = 180 and Milan Criteria n = 1888) | 10 years after the implementation of expanded LT criteria for HCC patients within UNOS Region 4, there was a 9% rise in LT-eligible patients, with no difference in overall, recurrence-free, or allograft survivals when compared to the Milan criteria group. |
| Section 4.3 Ablation | |||
| Takayama et al. [114] | 2022 | 308 (RFA n = 151 and Surgery n = 150) | Among patients with small (≤3 cm) and few (≤3) tumors, RFA showed comparable recurrence-free survival, but higher local recurrence rate. RFA was associated with shorter operative time and hospital stay. |
| Yu et al. [116] | 2017 | 454 (RFA n = 251 and MWA n = 203) | MWA was associated with lower hospitalization costs, shorter duration, with similar complication and tumor progression rates when compared to RFA. |
| Zhang et al. [70,117] | 2022 | 152 (RFA n = 74 and IRE n = 78) | IRE procedures were significantly longer, but demonstrated comparable rates of success, recurrence, and adverse effects to RFA. |