Table 3.

Non-invasive imaging techniques for diagnosis and assessing the response to therapy in psoriasis.

Technique	View/Section	Depth of Penetration	Visualized Structures	Reference
Dermoscopy	Horizontal	-	Superficial vascular pattern	[64]
			Scale distribution
			Plaque background color
High-frequency ultrasound (20–100 MHz)	Vertical	1–12 mm	Epidermis and dermis
Reflectance confocal microscopy	Horizontal	200–300 μm	Epidermis and superficial dermis
Optical coherence tomography	Horizontal/Vertical	1–2 mm	Epidermis and superficial dermis
Optical microangiography—an extension of OCT	Vertical/3D	2 mm	Microcirculatory tissue beds
Laser Doppler imaging	Horizontal	2 mm	Cutaneous blood flow
Multiphoton tomography—subcellular resolution	Horizontal/Vertical	200–250 μm	Epidermis and superficial dermis