Schematic diagram of the study protocol and characterization of EVs derived from plasma. (a) Diagram of plasma EV isolation protocol, (b) Representative nanoparticle tracking plot for size distribution from a sample, (c) Quantification of particle size diameter (nm), and (d) Concentration (particles/mL) of plasma EVs from the healthy control, NAFLD, and NBNC-HCC groups. (e) Expression of EV markers, CD63, HSP70, and TSG101, and hepatocyte-specific receptor, ASGPR1 by Western blotting. (f) Transmission electron microscopy images of EVs from a sample. Scale bars, 200 μm. Data are presented as means ± S.E.M, ** p < 0.01.