Figure 4.
Characterization of EVs in cell proliferation and wound healing. (A) The cell proliferation rate of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) treated with each EV at 1 × 107 and 1 × 109 particles/mL. (B) Images showing the wound-healing process in HDFs treated with different EVs after the scratch test and cultured various times. Scale bar: 200 μm. (C) Bar graph showing the relative wound area (setting 0 h as 100%) by time points in each group shown in (B). Statistical significance is denoted as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001 compared to the control group, and # p < 0.05, ### p < 0.001, and #### p < 0.0001 compared to the WT-3D EV groups.