Table 2.
dCas9-fusion proteins for transcriptional and epigenetic regulation.
| Action | Name | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcription repression | dCas9 (CRISPRi) | Steric hindrance | [92,93,94,95,96] |
| dCas9-KRAB, dSaCas9-KRAB | Histone methylation and deacetylation | [90,93,97,98,99,100,101,105] | |
| dCas9-KRAB-MeCP2 | Represses transcription from methylated promoters via binding | [102] | |
| ZIM3-dCas9 | Histone methylation and deacetylation | [95,103] | |
| dCas9-SALL1-SDS3 | Histone deacetylation | [104] | |
| dCas9-SRDX | Transcriptional repressor domain (in plants) | [106,107,108] | |
| Transcription activation | dCas9-VP64 | Transcriptional activator | [109] |
| dCas9-SAM | Multiple copies of transcriptional activators | [109] | |
| dCas9-SunTag | Multiple copies of transcriptional activators | [111,112] | |
| dCas9-SPH | Multiple copies of transcriptional activators | [113] | |
| dCas9-VPR | Combination of three transcriptional activators | [114,115] | |
| Epigenetic repression | dCas9-LSD1 | Histone demethylation | [123,124] |
| dCas9-DNMT3A | DNA methylation | [128] | |
| dCas9-SunTag-DNMT3A | DNA methylation (multiple copies) | [130] | |
| CRISPRoff | DNA methylation, histone methylation, and deacetylation (contains ZNF10 KRAB, DNMT3A, and DNMT3L protein domains) | [131] | |
| Epigenetic activation | dCas9-p300 | Histone acetylation | [120] |
| dCas9-TET1CD | DNA demethylation | [125] |