Table 1.

Classification of the active substances in W. somnifera (data from Gaurav H., 2023 [22]).

Compounds	Part of W. Somnifera	Active Substances
Alkaloids	Leaves, roots, stems	Ashwagandhine, anahygrine, anaferine, pseudotropine, tropine, isopelletierine, [3]-tigloyloxtropine, tropeltigloate, dlisopelletierine, hygrine, mesoanaferine, choline, somniferine, withanine, withananine, hentriacontane, visamine, withasomnine, somniferinine, somninine, nicotine, cuscohygrine
Flavonoids	Roots, stems	Quercetin, 7-hydroxyflavone kaempferol
Glycosides	Roots, stems	Withanosides I–VII, withanamides
Phenolic	Roots, stems	Coumaric acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, catechin
Saponins	Roots, berries	Sitoindoside VII, sitoindoside VIII
Steroids	Roots	β-sitosterol, cholesterol, diosgenin, ergostane, sitoindosides IX, X, stigmastadien, stigmasterol
Steroidal lactones	Leaves, roots	Withaferin–A, withanone, withasomidienone, withanolides A-Y, withasomniferine, withasomniferols A-C
Tannins	Roots, leaves, fruits, flowers	Not available