| BDNF | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
| BHFS | Biomimetic high-frequency stimulation |
| CAMKII | Calmodulin-dependent kinase II |
| CB | Calbindin: a calcium-binding protein |
| CREB | cAMP response element-binding protein |
| CRY | Cryptochrome |
| EEG | Electroencephalography |
| FAD | Flavin adenosine dinucleotide |
| fMRI | Functional magnetic resonance imaging |
| FSI | Fast-spiking interneurons |
| GABA | Gamma amino butyric acid |
| GAD | Glutamic acid decarboxylase; |
| IEG | Immediate-early gene |
| LFMS | Low-field magnetic stimulation |
| LI-rTMS | Low-intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation |
| LTP | Long-term potentiation |
| M1 | Primary motor cortex |
| MEP | Motor evoked potential |
| NMDA receptors | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors are a subtype of glutamate receptors |
| PV | Parvalbumin: a calcium-binding protein |
| RMT | Resting-motor threshold |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| TMS | Transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| TBS | Theta-burst stimulation; continuous (cTBS) or intermittent (iTBS) |
| VGCC | Voltage-gated calcium channel |