2-FDG	2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (substrate for GLUTs)
2-hPG	2-h post-load glucose
11C-PiB	[11C]-labeled Pittsburgh compound B (marker for amyloid beta accumulation)
AB	amyloid-beta
ABPP	amyloid beta precursor protein
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
AGE	advanced glycation end product
AMG	[14C]α-methyl D-glucopyranoside
AS160	AKT substrate 160
BAD	Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death
BBB	blood–brain barrier
BBMEC	bovine brain microvascular endothelial cell
BGU	brain glucose utilization
CA4	cornu ammonis 4 area
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid
CNS	central nervous system
CREB/ICER	CRE-binding proteins
DHA	dihydroxyacetone
DM	diabetes mellitus
FOXO1	forkhead box protein O1
GA	glycated albumin
GAPDH	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GLUT1–GLUT8	glucose transporter type 1–8 proteins
GSK3B	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
HbA1c	glycated hemoglobin A1c
hCMEC/D3	human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line/D3
HOMA-IR	homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance
IGF1	insulin-like growth factor 1
IL6	interleukin 6
IR	insulin resistance
JAK	janus kinase
MAPT	microtubule associated protein tau gene (human)
Me-4FDG	α-methyl-4-[18F]fluoro-4-deoxy-D-glucopyranoside (substrate for SGLTs)
MGO	methylglyoxal
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
NFKB-p65	nuclear factor NF-kappa-B subunit p65
OGTT	oral glucose tolerance test
PET	positron emission tomography
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PIP3	phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
PKB	protein kinase B (alias AKT)
PM	plasma membrane
pO2	partial pressure of oxygen
RAGE	advanced glycation end product receptor
ROS	reactive oxygen species
S100-B	S100 calcium-binding protein B
S100b	S100b gene (mouse)
SGLT1–2	sodium/glucose cotransporter types 1–2
Slc2a1–8	solute carrier family 2 members 1–8 genes (mouse)
SLC2A1–8	solute carrier family 2 members 1–8 genes (human)
Slc5a1–2	solute carrier family 5 members 1–2 genes (mouse)
SLC5A1–2	solute carrier family 5 members 1–2 genes (human)
STAT	signal transducer and activator of transcription
SVD	small vessel disease
TD1	type 1 diabetes mellitus
T2D	type 2 diabetes mellitus
TBI	traumatic brain injury
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
VD	vascular dementia