Table 1.
Anthropometric data, main medication, and laboratory parameters of enrolled subjects.
| T2D (n = 50) | NDO (n = 70) | Controls (n = 49) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric parameters | |||
| Male/Female (n) | 20/30 | 19/51 | 16/33 |
| Age (yrs) | 47.6 ± 8.1 | 44.8 ± 12.0 | 43.2 ± 9.1 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 127.1 ± 18.5 * | 125.5 ± 17.9 § | 85.2 ± 12.3 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 43.1 ± 9.3 * | 43.3 ± 7.9 § | 24.7 ± 2.8 |
| Main medication | |||
| Metformin (n; %) | 37; 74.0 | 8; 11.4 | 0; 0.0 |
| Insulin (n; %) | 12; 24.0 | 0; 0.0 | 0; 0.0 |
| GLP-1 RA (n; %) | 9; 18.0 | 0; 0.0 | 0; 0.0 |
| Statin (n; %) | 23; 46.0 | 8; 11.4 | 0; 0.0 |
| ACEI/ARB (n; %) | 24; 48.0 | 23; 32.9 | 1; 2.0 |
| CCB (n; %) | 13; 26.0 | 6; 8.6 | 1; 2.0 |
| Diuretics (n; %) | 8; 16.0 | 18; 25.7 | 0; 0.0 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 5.0 ± 0.9 | 5.0 ± 0.8 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.3 * | 1.3 ± 0.3 § | 1.5 ± 0.4 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 0.5 |
| ApolipoproteinA-I (g/L) | 1.4 ± 0.2 * | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.3 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.7 (1.2–2.7) * | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 6.6 (3.1–13.7) * | 7.8 (3.2–13.9) § | 1.3 (0.6–2.5) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 6.3 (5.5–10.5) *# | 5.2 (4.9–5.8) § | 4.8 (4.5–5.1) |
| HbA1C (%) | 7.2 ± 1.6 *# | 5.6 ± 0.9 | 5.1 ± 0.3 |
| Insulin (mU/L) | 25.4 (14.1–31.4) (n = 16) * | 15 (11.7–21.8) (n = 59) § | 10.9 (6.6–12.9) (n = 16) |
| GFR (mL/1.73 m2) | 90 (90–90) | 90 (90–90) | 90 (90–90) |
| AST (U/L) | 25.0 (17.0–30.5) | 20.0 (17.0–27.0) | 19.0 (17.0–24.0) |
| sTSH (mU/L) | 2.3 (1.2–15.2) (n = 31) * | 2.1 (1.6–2.8) | 1.7 (1.2–2.1) |
Abbreviations: ACEI/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CCB, calcium channels blockers; GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; HbA1C, hemoglobin A1C; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NDO, nondiabetic obese patients; sTSH, supersensitive thyroid stimulating hormone; T2D, patients with type 2 diabetes. Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR). Difference of genders was analyzed using Chi-squared test. Comparisons between groups were performed with one-way ANOVA (Tukey’s post hoc test) in the case of normally distributed variables and with a Kruskal–Wallis H test in the case of variables with non-normal distribution. (* indicates p < 0.05 between T2D vs. controls; § indicates p < 0.05 between NDO vs. controls; # indicates p < 0.05 between T2D vs. NDO).