Table 4.
| Product | Company | Components | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| CeladermTM | Celadon Science LLC, Brookline, MA, USA | keratinocyte sheets from foreskin | dermal/epidermal, allogeneic |
| PoliActive® | HC Implants BV, Leiden, Netherlands | PEO (polyethylene oxide terephthalate) and PBT (polybuthylene terephthalate) in a porous matrix with cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts | epidermal, biosynthetic, autogenous |
| Autoderm (Autologous Inferior Dermal Sling), TransDerm, Lyphoderm, Cryoceal |
XCELLentis NV, Gent, Belgium | cultured keratinocytes | epidermal, autogenous |
| Laserskin, VivoDerm™ | Fidia Advanced Biopolymers, Aban Terme, Italy; ER Sąuibb and Sons Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA | a patient’s skin section used for in vitro culture of keratinocytes, which are seeded onto a membrane of hardened, esterified hyaluronic acid perforated with a laser | epidermal, autogenous |
| Epicel® | Genzyme Biosurgery Cambridge, MA, USA | keratinocyte-based cultured epidermal autograft | epidermal, autogenous |
| EpiDex® | Modex Therapeutiques, Lausanne, Switzerland | ||
| EPIBASE | Laboratoires Genevrier, Nice, France | ||
| Permacol®, Strattice®, Xenoderm® | Strattice™ Reconstructive Tissue Matrix (LifeCell Corporation, Branchburg, NJ, USA), MBP (Medical Biomaterial Products, Germany), Tissue Science Laboratories PLC, Aldershot, UK | a porcine-derived collagen matrix and its constituent elastin fibers | dermal, acellular, xenogeneic |
| Geistlich Derma-Gide™ | Geistlich Pharma North America Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA |
a porcine, porous, resorbable, 3D matrix |
dermal, acellular, xenogeneic |
| Helicoll™ | EnColl Corp., Fremont, CA, USA |
a collagen matrix derived from bovine sources |
dermal, acellular, xenogeneic |
| MatriStem, MicroMatrix® | ACell Inc., Columbia, MD, USA | matrices derived from the porcine urinary bladder matrix | dermal, acellular, xenogeneic |
| E-Z-Derm™ | Brennen Medical Inc., Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA | a collagen matrix made of porcine collagen cross-linked with aldehyde | dermal, acellular, xenogeneic |
| Architect® stabilized Collagen matrix |
Harbor MedTech, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA. |
decellularized equine pericardial tissue |
dermal, acellular, xenogeneic |
| PriMatrix® Dermal Repair Scaffold |
TEI Biosciences Inc, Boston, MA, USA | acellular dermal tissue matrix from fetal bovine dermis, rich in type II collagen | dermal, acellular, xenogeneic |
| Cytal® wound matrix | Acell, Inc., Columbia, MD, USA |
porcine urinary bladder matrix with an intact epithelial basement membrane |
dermal, acellular, xenogeneic |
| Matriderm® | Skin and Health Care AG, Billerbeck, Germany | a multiporous membrane of bovine origin, composed of collagen (types I, III and V) and a hydrolysate of elastin-alpha, treated with gamma rays | dermal, xenogeneic |
| Endoform® Natural Dermal Template |
Hollister Wound Care, Libertyville, IL, USA | decellularized tissue extracellular matrix derived from ovine forestomach tissue (e.g., collagen I, III, IV, fibronectin, laminin, elastin, hyaluronic acid, heparin sulfate, GAGs, growth factors and chemokines) | dermal, acellular, xenogeneic |
| Oasis® Wound Matrix | Healthpoint Biotherapeutics, USA; Cook Biotech, Inc., West Lafayette, IN, USA | submucosa of the small intestine of pigs | dermal/epidermal xenogeneic, acellular |
| Myriad Matrix® | Aroa Biosurgery, Auckland, New Zealand | a collagen matrix derived from ovine forestomach | dermal, acellular, xenogeneic |
| Terudermis® | Olympus Terumo Biomaterials Corp., Tokyo, Japan | obtained from heat-denatured bovine collagen, then coated with a silicone film | dermal, xenogeneic |
| Hyalomatrix® Hyalograft 3D®, Hyalomatrix PA® | Anika Therapeutics, former Fidia Advanced Biopolymers, Padua, Italy | a bilayer, hyaluronic acid esterified with a benzyl alcohol (Hyaff) matrix or scaffold with an outer silicone membrane | dermal, synthetic |
| Pelnac Standard Type | Medical Materials Center, Kyoto, Japan | porcine collagen sponge covered with a silicone film | dermal, autologous |
| STRATAGRAFT | Stratatech Corporation, Madison, WI, USA |
allogeneic cultured keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in murine collagen-dsat | dermal/epidermal allogeneic |
| Transcyte® | Smith & Nephew, Inc., Largo, Florida, USA | neonatal allogeneic fibroblasts (removed by freezing after producing extracellular matrix and growth factors) cultured and multiplied on nylon fibers and placed on a silicone foil | dermal, allogeneic |
| Recell | Avita, Northridge, CA, USA | cell suspension of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, Langerhans cells and melanocytes | dermal/epidermal, autologous |
| OrCei™ | Ortec International, Inc., New York, NY, USA | allogeneic fibroblasts and keratinocytes expanded in vitro and seeded on both sides of a bilayer bovine collagen matrix | dermal/epidermal allogeneic |
| Apligraf | Organogenesis Inc., Canton, Massachusetts, CA, USA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. East Hanover, NJ, USA | a bilayer composed of a bovine type I collagen lattice with a dermal layer of human fibroblasts and a layer formed from human keratinocytes from cultured cells, from newborn foreskins | dermal/epidermal, cellular, allogeneic and xenogeneic |
| OrCel | Ortec International, Inc., New York, NY, USA; Forticell Bioscience Inc., NY, USA, | composite allograft synthesized by culturing allogeneic neonatal keratinocytes and fibroblasts in a type I bovine collagen porous sponge with nonporous sides | dermal/epidermal allogeneic |
| Tissue Tech Autograft System | Fidia Advanced Biopolymers, Aba-no Terre, Italy | membrane made of hyaluronic acid, enriched with cultured autologous fibroblasts and keratinocytes (Hyalograft 3D—a substitute for the dermis, Laserskin—a substitute for the epidermis) | dermal/epidermal autologous |
| Dermal Regenerative Template DRT, Integra®, Integra Bilayer Matrix Wound Dressing, Integra Omnigraft Regeneration Template | Integra LifeSciences Plainsboro, NJ, USA | a bilayer matrix comprising a dermal layer composed of an acellular matrix consisting of cross-linked bovine collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate, a type of glycosaminoglycan and an overlying silicone layer acting as the epidermis | dermal/epidermal, natural and synthetic, acellular |
| Dermagraft® | Advanced BioHealing, La Jolla, CA, USA; Organogenesis, Canton, MA, USA | a bio-absorbable polyglactin (vicryl) mesh seeded with cryo-preserved neonatal allogeneic foreskin fibroblasts | dermal, cellular, natural and synthetic, biodegradable, allogeneic |
| Biobrane® | Dow Hickam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sugar Land, TX, USA; Smith & Nephew, London, UK; Mylan Bertek Pharmaceuticals, Durham, North Carolina, USA |
biocomposite dressing; nylon mesh with the addition of porcine collagen and a layer of silicone | dermal/epidermal, acellular |
| TRANSCYTE® Dermagraft-TC ® | Advanced Tissue Sciences Inc. (ATS, La Jolla, CA, USA) | a semi-permeable silicone membrane and an extracellular matrix of newborn human dermal fibroblasts cultured on a porcine collagen-coated nylon mesh | dermal, allogeneic |
| Suprathel® | Polymedics Innovations GmbH, Denkendorf, Germany | polylactide copolymer, trimethylene carbonate and ε-caprolactone (Lacto-capromer) | synthetic, biodegradable |
| NovoSorb® BTM (Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix) | PolyNovo Biomaterials Pty Ltd., Melbourne, Australia | polyurethane bilayer dermal template consisting of a temporary sealing membrane bonded to a 2 mm bioabsorbable open cell matrix | synthetic, biodegradable |
| RestrataTM | Acera Surgical, Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA | electrospun nanofiber matrix | dermal, acellular, synthetic |
| Alloderm® | LifeCell Corporation, Bridgewater, NJ, USA | human cadaver skin that has been chemically treated to remove all cellular material in the dermis | dermal/epidermal, acellular, allogeneic |
| GraftJacket®, GraftJacket RTM | KCI, San Antonio, TX, USA; Wright Medical Group N.V., Memphis, TN, USA | produced from allograft skin | dermal, acellular, allogeneic |
| GLYADERM ® | Euro Skin Bank in the Netherlands | glycerol-preserved acellular dermis | dermal, acellular, allogeneic |
| Karoderm®, SureDerm® | Karocell Tissue Engineering AB, Stockholm, Sweden, Hans Biomed Corp., Seoul, Korea, Wright Medical Technology Inc., Arlington, TN, USA | human skin matrix with preserved basement membrane | dermal, acellular, allogeneic |
| Matrix HD Allograft | RTI Surgical, Alachua, FL, USA | human allograft sterilized using the Tutoplast® Tissue Sterilization process | dermal, acellular, allogeneic |
| Alloskin, AlloSkin RT™, Alloskin™ AC | AlloSource, Centennial, CO, USA | a fresh-frozen, a fresh irradiated (not frozen), or an acellular meshed dermis-only human skin allograft matrix made from cadaveric tissue, extracellular matrix proteins, glycosaminoglycans and cytokines | dermal, acellular, allogeneic |
| TheraSkin® | LifeNet Health, Virginia Beach, VA, USA | biologically active, cryopreserved human skin | dermal/epidermal, cellular, allogeneic |
| SkinTE | PolarityTE, Salt Lake City, UT, USA | donated human dermis or autologous skin sample | dermal/epidermal, cellular |
| DermACELL | LifeNet Health, Virginia Beach, VA, USA | human-derived matrices, sterilized and decellularized to remove immunogenic cellular material |
dermal, acellular, allogeneic |
| AlloPatch®, AlloPatch Pliable | Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Sports Medicine, Edison, NJ, USA | an open-structure human reticular dermal matrix | dermal, acellular, allogeneic |
| Dermapure® | Tissue Regenix Group, San Antonio, TX, USA |
decellularized human dermis | dermal, acellular, allogeneic |
| Grafix, GrafixPL Prime | Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., Columbia, MD, USA | human amnion chorion membrane | dermal, cellular, allogeneic |
| WoundEx® Membrane, WoundEx Flow |
Skye Biologics, Inc., El Segundo, CA, USA |
a dehydrated amniotic membrane, or a flowable human placental connective tissue matrix |
dermal, acellular, allogeneic |
| Xwrap®
Amniotic Membrane Derived Allograft |
Applied Biologics, Scottsdale, AZ, USA |
a chorion-free amniotic membrane wrap, cover, or patch. | dermal, acellular, allogeneic |
| Amnioexcel® | Integra LifeSciences Corp. acquired Derma Sciences, Plainsboro, NJ, USA |
a dehydrated human amnion-derived tissue allograft with an intact extracellular matrix | dermal, acellular, allogeneic |
| Amniomatrix Human Amniotic Suspension Allograft, BioDFactor Viable Tissue Matrix, Biodfence, Integra BioFix Amniotic Membrane Allograft, Integra BioFix Flow Placental Tissue Matrix Allograft |
Integra LifeSciences Corp., Plainsboro, NJ, USA; Integra LifeSciences, originally BioD, LLC, Plainsboro, NJ, USA | matrices derived from human placental membrane | dermal, acellular, allogeneic |
| EpiFix | MiMedx Group Inc., Marietta, GA |
the human placental membranes composed of amnion and chorion, rich in extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors and cytokines | dermal, acellular, allogeneic |
| Affinity® Human Amniotic Allograft |
Organogenesis, Inc., Canton, MA, USA |
fresh amniotic membrane | dermal, cellular, allogeneic |
| AmnioRepair | Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, Poland | a freeze-dried epidermal and dermal replacement with epithelial and stromal sides as well as the outer basement membrane |
dermal/epidermal, acellular |
| Revita® | StimLabs, LLC, Roswell, GA, USA |
intact human placental membrane | dermal, acellular, allogeneic |