Table 4.

Biomarkers used for Frontotemporal Dementia.

References	Biomarker(s)	Sample Type	Key Findings	Clinical Implications
[68]	Uric acid	Not specified	No significant deviations between sporadic ET, hereditary ET, and controls. A correlation between reduced uric acid levels and later age of onset in sporadic ET.	Uric acid levels may have significance as an indicator of neurodegeneration in sporadic ET patients.
[69]	Cerebellar MRI biomarkers (voxel-based morphometry, cerebellar gray and white matter volumetry, cerebellar lobular volumetry)	MRI	No cerebellar involvement identified for advanced ET across multiple MRI biomarkers and statistical models.	No significant cerebellar alterations in advanced ET.
[70]	Erythrocytic total and aggregated α-syn	Blood (erythrocyte)	Erythrocytic total and aggregated α-syn levels significantly elevated in PD and ET vs. HCs. Erythrocytic total α-syn levels higher in ET than PD. Reduced ratios of erythrocytic aggregated to total α-syn in ET vs. PD and HCs. Correlation between erythrocytic aggregated α-syn levels and disease duration in ET.	Erythrocytic α-syn concentrations might have diagnostic potential for distinguishing ET, PD, and HCs. The biomarker also correlates with ET progression.