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. 2023 Nov 17;24(22):16449. doi: 10.3390/ijms242216449

Table 2.

Deleterious effects of normal saline.

Type of Study Reported Effects References
Clinical
(Intravenous infusion)		 Electrolyte disturbance

  • Hyperchloremic acidosis.

 [21,22,23,24,25]
Renal dysfunction

  • Decrease in urine production;

  • Decrease in renal blood flow;

  • Decrease in renal cortical tissue perfusion;

  • Renal failure.

 [21,22,24,25,31,32]
Cardiac dysfunction

  • Myocardial ischemia;

  • Myocardial infarction;

  • Cerebral ischemia.

 [25]
Pre-clinical
(Intrarenal infusion)		 Renal dysfunction

  • Decrease in renal blood flow;

  • Decrease in glomerular filtration rate.

 [27]
Pre-clinical
(Peritoneal lavage)		 Decrease in pH [33,34]
Mesothelial cell damage

  • Exfoliation of mesothelial cells;

  • Formation of peritoneal adhesions.

 [33,34,35]
In vitro
(Primary culture of mesothelial cells)		 Loss of cell adhesion [33]
Induction of oxidative stress [36]
Impairment of fibrinolytic properties [34,36]