Table 3.

Alternatives to normal saline and their reported effects.

Type of Study	Type of Solution	Reported Effects	References
Clinical (Intravenous infusion)	Lactated Ringer’s solution	Lower incidence of hyperchloremic acidosis *	[21,23,32]
		Lower incidence of renal dysfunction *	[31,32]
		Lower C-reactive protein levels *	[30]
Clinical (Intravenous infusion)	Plasma-Lyte A	Lower incidence of hyperchloremic acidosis *	[24,32]
		Lower incidence of renal dysfunction *	[24,31,32]
Clinical (Peritoneal lavage)	Povidone-iodine	Lower incidence of infectious complications *	[76]
Pre-clinical (Peritoneal lavage)	Lactated Ringer’s solution	No decrease in pH	[33]
		Reduced degree of mesothelial cell exfoliation *	[33]
Pre-clinical (Peritoneal lavage)	Povidone-iodine	Formation of peritoneal adhesions	[35]
		Compromises integrity of intestinal mucosa barrier	[77]
In vitro	Lactated Ringer’s solution	Reduced loss of mesothelial cell adhesion *	[33]
	Povidone-iodine	Toxic to epithelial, endothelial and mesothelial cells	[78]
	Peritoneal dialysis solution	Loss of mesothelial cell membrane integrity	[79]

* As compared to normal saline.