Table 2.

Proteinaceous and some representatives of non-proteinaceous inhibitors of mammalian α-amylases.

Structural Class/Origin	Source	Name	Target	IC50/Ki, M	Ref.
Non-proteinaceous α-amylase inhibitors
Actinomycete	Actinoplanes strain SE 50/110	Acarbose	PPA	0.8 × 10−6	[31]
Flavonoids	Potentilla anserine (rhizome)	Quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-2″-gallate	α-glucosidase, α-amylase	1.05 × 10−6	[137]
	Knema globularia (stem)	Calodenin A		0.4 × 10−6	[138]
	Caesalpinia paraguariensis (bark)	(−) epigallocatechin-gallate		5.20 × 10−6	[139]
Tannins	Wendlandia glabrata	Procyanidin A2		0.47 × 10−6	[140]
	Rubus chingii Hu	Chingiitannin A		4.52 × 10−6
Proteinaceous α-amylase inhibitors
Microbial	Streptomyces tendae	Tendamistat	HPA	9 × 10−12 – 2 × 10−10	[95]
	Streptomyces parvulus	Parvulustat	PPA	2.8 × 10−11	[141]
Legume lectin-like	Phaseolus vulgaris	α-AI1 (heterodimer)	PPA	3 × 10−11	[106]
			HPA	+	[110]
Cereal-type	Triticum aestivum	0.19 (monomer)	PPA	5.73 × 10−8	[113]
			HSA	2.9 × 10−10	[114]
	Eleusine coracana	RBI	PPA	1.8 × 10−10	[115]
β-defensin-like	Stichodactyla helianthus	Helianthamide	PPA	1 × 10−10	[130]
			HSA	1 × 10−11	[130]
	Heteractis magnifica	Magnificamide	PPA	1.7 × 10−10	[135]
			HSA	7.7 × 10−9	[135]
			HPA	3.1 × 10−9	[136]