| ACAN | aggrecan |
| ACLT | Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection |
| ADAMTS 4,5 | A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs |
| Akt | Protein kinase B |
| AMPKα | AMP-activated protein kinase alpha |
| BMP | Bone morphogenetic protein |
| CCL-27 | C-C motif chemokine ligand 27 |
| CD | Cluster of differentiation |
| cGAS | Cyclic GMP-AMP |
| COL10A1 | Collagen type X alpha chain 1 |
| COL2A1 | Collagen type II alpha chain 1 |
| CXCL8 | CXC motif chemokine ligand 8 |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium |
| FADH2 | Flavin-adenine dinucleotide, reduced |
| FRZB | Frizzled-related protein |
| G-6-P DH | Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GADD45 | Growth arrest and DNA damage inducible 45 |
| GLUT-1 | Glucose transporter 1 |
| GROα | Chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 |
| GSK3 | Glycogen synthase kinase 3 |
| HDAC | Histone deacetylase |
| HIF1α, 2α | Hypoxia inducible factor 1α, 2α |
| HK | Hexokinase |
| HMGB2 | High-mobility group protein 2 |
| IGFBP7 | Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein |
| IHH | Indian hedgehog |
| IKK | Inhibitory-kB kinase |
| IL | Interleukin |
| JNK | Jun N-terminal kinase |
| LATS 1 | Large tumor suppressor kinase 1 |
| Lcn2 | Lipocalin 2 |
| LDH | Lactate dehydrogenase |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| MAPK | Mitogen activated protein kinase |
| MCP-1 | monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 |
| miR | micro RNA |
| MMP | Matrix metalloproteinase |
| MOB1A/B | Mps one binder kinase activator 1 A/B |
| mPGES-1 | Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 |
| MST1/2 | Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1/2 |
| mTORc | Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 |
| NADH+ | Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, reduced |
| NADPH+ | Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced |
| NDRG2 | NMYC downstream-regulated gene 2 |
| NFkB | Nuclear factor kappa B |
| NLRP3 | NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 |
| NO | Nitrogen monoxide |
| Nrf2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
| OARSI | Osteoarthritis Research Society International |
| OXPHOS | Oxidative phosphorylation |
| PAI-1 | Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 |
| PGC1α | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator |
| PI3K | Phospho-inositole 3-kinase |
| PKM2 | Piruvate kinase M2 |
| PPAR | Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Recpetor |
| PTHrP | Parathormone-related peptide |
| RAGE | Receptor of end-glycation products |
| RANKL | Receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| RunX2 | Runt-related transcription factor 2 |
| SASP | Senescence-associated secretory pattern |
| SAV | Salvador |
| SIRT 1,6 | Sirtuin 1,6 |
| SMAD | Suppressor of mothers against Decapentaplegic |
| Sox-9 | Sex-determining region Y-type (SRY) high mobility group (HMG) box family of DNA binding protein 9 |
| STING | Stimulator of interferon genes |
| TAZ | Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif |
| TCA | Tricarboxylic acid cycle |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor beta |
| TIMP-1 | Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 |
| TLR-4 | Toll-like Receptor 4 |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor alpha |
| TRPV4 | Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 |
| TSPYL2 | Testis-specific Y-encoded-like protein 2 |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| YAP | Yes-associated protein |