Table 1.

Summary of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatments for cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in various stages of preclinical and clinical development. Abbreviations: IP, intraperitoneal; IT, intratympanic; IV, intravenous.

Therapeutic Agent	Mechanism of Action	Administration Route	Stage of Development
Sodium thiosulfate (Pedmark)	Antioxidant	IV	FDA-approved [11,12,106,107]
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)	Antioxidant	IT	Preclinical [110] Clinical (completed) [111,112] Clinical (Phase 2, ongoing) [113]
Ebselen (SPI-1005)	Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory	Oral	Preclinical [42,45,115,116,117] Clinical (Phase 2, ongoing) [118]
D-methionine	Antioxidant	Oral, IP, local	Preclinical [44,119,120,121,122,123] Clinical (Phase 2, completed) [124]
Dexamethasone	Anti-inflammatory	IT, local	Preclinical [125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133] Clinical (completed) [134,135]
Etanercept	Anti-inflammatory	IT	Preclinical [81,96]
R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA)	Anti-inflammatory	IT	Preclinical [137]
Adenosine amine congener (ADAC)	Antioxidant	IP	Preclinical [140]
Aucubin	Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory	IT	Preclinical [138]
Capsaicin	Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory	Oral, IT	Preclinical [93]
Apelin-13	Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory	IP	Preclinical [94]
Curcumin	Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory	IP	Preclinical [142]
Avenanthramide-C (AVN-C)	Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory	IP	Preclinical [143]
Statins	Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory	Oral	Preclinical [146]
SB225002	Anti-inflammatory	IT	Preclinical [98]