Table 3.
Synopsis of fungal records on Arecaceae hosts retrieved from the U.S. National Fungus Collections Fungus–Host Database [759]. Palm species with less than 100 associated fungal records were disregarded from the detailed list but were considered in the summary figures.
| Palm Species 1 | Total Number of | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fungal Records 2 | Fungal Species 2,3 | Ascomycetes | Asexual Morphs | Coelomycetes | Hyphomycetes | Basidiomycetes | Zygomycetes | |
| Cocos nucifera | 1296 | 526 | 149 (28.33%) | 275 (52.28%) | 91 (17.30%) | 184 (34.98%) | 96 (18.25%) | 6 (1.14%) |
| Elaeis guineensis | 1256 | 427 | 100 (23.42%) | 235 (55.04%) | 50 (11.71%) | 185 (43.33%) | 80 (18.74%) | 12 (2.81%) |
| Phoenix dactylifera | 560 | 197 | 48 (24.37%) | 123 (62.44%) | 39 (19.80%) | 84 (42.64%) | 23 (11.68%) | 3 (1.52%) |
| Archontophoenix alexandrae | 355 | 178 | 87 (48.88%) | 86 (48.31%) | 11 (6.18%) | 75 (42.13%) | 5 (2.81%) | 0 |
| Areca catechu | 298 | 155 | 26 (16.77%) | 111 (71.61%) | 33 (21.29%) | 78 (50.32%) | 16 (10.32%) | 2 (1.29%) |
| Trachycarpus fortunei | 297 | 154 | 58 (37.66%) | 94 (61.04%) | 41 (26.62%) | 53 (34.42%) | 2 (1.30%) | 0 |
| Roystonea regia | 225 | 153 | 19 (12.41%) | 123 (80.39%) | 16 (10.46%) | 107 (69.93%) | 11 (7.19%) | 0 |
| Livistona chinensis | 189 | 95 | 47 (49.47%) | 35 (36.84%) | 10 (10.53%) | 25 (26.32%) | 13 (13.68%) | 0 |
| Phoenix loureiroi | 173 | 92 | 27 (29.35%) | 63 (68.48%) | 9 (9.78%) | 54 (58.70%) | 2 (2.17%) | 0 |
| Phoenix canariensis | 160 | 91 | 24 (26.37%) | 43 (47.25%) | 12 (13.19%) | 31 (34.07%) | 24 (26.37%) | 0 |
| Chamaerops humilis | 128 | 64 | 32 (50.00%) | 22 (34.38%) | 12 (18.75%) | 10 (15.63%) | 10 (15.63%) | 0 |
| Sabal palmetto | 128 | 88 | 45 (51.14%) | 28 (31.82%) | 6 (6.82%) | 22 (25.00%) | 15 (17.05%) | 0 |
| Arenga engleri | 122 | 64 | 14 (21.88%) | 50 (78.13%) | 4 (6.25%) | 46 (71.88%) | 0 | 0 |
| Licuala longicalycata | 119 | 89 | 49 (55.06%) | 40 (44.94%) | 3 (3.37%) | 37 (41.57%) | 0 | 0 |
| Rhopalostylis sapida | 113 | 88 | 36 (40.91%) | 41 (46.59%) | 0 | 41 (46.59%) | 11 (12.50%) | 0 |
| Summary figures 1,2,3 | Total number of palm genera from which associated fungi have been studied: 97 | |||||||
| Palm genera with a total number of fungal records ≥ 100: Cocos (1296 fungal records), Elaeis (1286), Phoenix (1146), Calamus (658), Archontophoenix (395), Areca (333), Rhopalostylis (318), Trachycarpus (306), Livistona (278), Sabal (274), Roystonea (270), Licuala (244), Arenga (229), Caryota (176), Chamaerops (128), Syagrus (112), Chamaedorea (108), and Borassus (105) | ||||||||
| Total number of palm species from which associated fungi have been studied: 262 | ||||||||
| Total number of palm species with a total number of fungal records ≥ 100: 15 | ||||||||
| Total number of palm species with 100 < total number of fungal records ≥ 50: 12 | ||||||||
| Total number of palm species with 50 < total number of fungal records ≥ 20: 26 | ||||||||
| Total number of palm species with a total number of fungal records < 20: 209 | ||||||||
| Total number of fungal records associated with Arecaceae hosts: 9339 | ||||||||
| Total number of fungal species recorded from Arecaceae hosts: 2932, including 1182 ascomycetes (40.31%), 332 basidiomycetes (11.32%), 1398 anamorphic fungi (47.68%), namely 984 ascomycetes (33.56%) and 413 coelomycetes (14.09%), and 20 zygomycetes (0.68%) | ||||||||
1 All palm species names annotated in the US National Fungus Collections Fungus–Host Database were checked against the Plants of the World Online Database [760]. The fungal records that were reported from palm species identified only to genus or from unidentified Arecaceae hosts were only counted in the summary figures, regardless of whether their total number was more than 100. 2 For the total number of records and species, only the taxa of the Fungi kingdom were considered, so the records of Oomycota and Myxomycota associated with Arecaceae hosts annotated in the US National Fungus Collections Fungus–Host Database were excluded. The total number of fungal records includes records of taxa identified only to genus, as well as records of the same taxa that were obtained from different studies. 3 The total number of fungal species excludes taxa identified only to genus, as well as taxa that have been annotated more than once. The latter may correspond either to different collections of the same taxa on a certain Arecaceae host, to collections of the same taxa from different Arecaceae hosts, or to the same collection reported in different studies. Note: the palm species are listed in descending order of the total number of associated fungal records and species. The fungal species annotated in the US National Fungus Collections Fungus–Host Database and used to construct the table have not been verified in official nomenclatural repositories, so the current classification of some taxa is likely to be different. Taxa currently synonymised under other taxa and taxa for which “teleomorph-anamorph” connections have been established are likely to be overestimating the figures presented. This is likely to be the reason why the summary figure presented for the total number of fungal species recorded from Arecaceae hosts is substantially different from the global figure of palm fungi estimated in the present review (see Section 3.1).