Table 2.
Clinical trials of cannabinoids.
| Study Type | Patients (Sample Size) | Treatment | Outcome | Study Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observational study (Maghfour, J. et al.) [14] | Atopic dermatitis (n = 20) | Topical application of CBD gel | Patient-oriented eczema measure score (POEM) and Quality of Life Hand Eczema Questionnaire (QOLHEQ). | Significant reduction of POEM (p < 0.0007) and QOLHEQ (p < 0.004) |
| Retrospective study (Palmieri, B. et al.) [15] | Psoriasis (n = 5) Atopic dermatitis (n = 5) Scars (n = 10) |
Topical CBD-enriched ointment twice daily for three months | Skin hydration (TEWL) assessed using a DermaLab® device Elasticity assessed using an ElastiMeter® device Photographic assessment |
Significant reduction in TEWL (p < 0.001) Significant improvement of elasticity (p < 0.001) Significant improvement in symptoms |
| Randomized, single-blinded, crossover study (Callaway, J. et al.) [16] | Atopic dermatitis (n = 20) | Dietary hemp oil and olive oil for 20 weeks | Fatty acid profiles Skin dryness, itchiness, and use of dermal medications, assessed by patient questionnaire Skin transepidermal water loss (TEWL) |
Increased levels of essential fatty acids after hemp oil Improvement in clinical symptoms (p < 0.05) Intra-group TEWL values decreased (p = 0.074) |
| Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial (Yuan, C. et al.) [29] | Asteatotic eczema (n = 60) | Emollient creams containing PEA (N-acylethanolamine) or NEA (N-acetyl ethanolamine) for 28 days | Clinical assessment using Eczema Area and Severity Index Skin surface hydration assessed using Corneometer CM820® |
Decreased skin erythema, scaling, dryness, and itching (p < 0.05) Skin surface hydration was increased (p < 0.05) |
| Split-body clinical study (Del Rosso, J.Q. et al.) [30] | Atopic dermatitis (n = 43) | Combination of topical steroid and PEA compared with the sides treated with only topical steroid | Clearance rate | Significant improvement in clearance rate of symptoms |
| Observational, prospective cohort study (Eberlein, B. et al.) [31] |
Atopic dermatitis (n = 2456) | Topical application of PEA for 4–6 weeks | Objective symptoms such as dryness, excoriation, lichenification, scaling, erythema, pruritis | Significant improvement with combined score reduction of 58.6% in the entire population (p < 0.001) |
| Observational study (Pulvirenti, N. et al.) [32] | Atopic dermatitis (n = 20) | Topical emulsion containing adelmidrol 2% twice daily for 4 weeks | Clinical symptoms | Complete resolution with no side effects in 80% of patients |
| Observational, non-blinded, prospective cohort study (Szepietowski, J.C. et al.) [43] | Uremic patients (n = 21) | Topical treatment of PEA and anandamide twice daily for 3 weeks | Pruritis and scales assessed by questionnaire | Significant reduction in both pruritis and scales (p < 0.0001) |
| Observational study (Schräder, N.H.B. et al.) [47] | Patients with pruritis (n = 22) | Emollient cream containing PEA | Pruritis | Reduction in itch (86.4%) |
| Randomized, single-blinded study (Visse, K. et al.) [46] | Patients with pruritic dry skin (n = 100) | PEA-containing lotion | Pruritis intensity assessed by visual analogue scale | No significant difference between the PEA-containing lotion and control groups |
| Randomized, placebo-controlled study (Puaratanaarunkon, T. et al.) [62] | Plaque-type psoriasis (n = 51) | 2.5% CBD ointment twice daily for 12 weeks | Psoriasis severity index score (PASI) | Significant reduction of PASI (p = 0.026) |
| Single-blinded study (Ali, A. et al.) [68] | Healthy patients (n = 11) | 3% cannabis-seed-extract cream twice daily for 12 weeks | Sebum and erythema content assessed using Sebumeter and Mexameter | Significant reduction of sebum production and erythema (p < 0.05) |
| Randomized controlled trial (Zaher, H. et al.) [77] | Alopecia areata (n = 30) | Bimatoprost 0.03% solution twice daily for 3 months compared with mometasone furoate 0.1% cream | Severity of Alopecia Tool | Significant improvement of hair-regrowth (p = 0.001) |