Table 1.
Intervention details of the included trials.
| Author (Year of Publication) |
Etiology of Dry Eye Disease | Sample Size | Age | Sex (M/F) | Duration (Month) | Omega-3 Fatty Acid Daily Dose | EPA Percentage (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omega-3 | Placebo | Omega-3 | Placebo | Omega-3 | Placebo | |||||
| Bhargava 2013 [2] | Not specified | 264 | 254 | 38.8 | 40.1 | Total: 254/268 | 3 | EPA 650 mg + DHA 350 mg | 65 | |
| Kawakita 2013 [21] | Not specified | 15 | 11 | 52.5 | 51.9 | 5/10 | 1/10 | 4 | EPA 1245 mg + DHA 540 mg | 70 |
| Kangari 2013 [6] | Not specified | 33 | 31 | 60.6 | 61.8 | 15/18 | 11/20 | 1 | EPA 360 mg + DHA 240 mg | 60 |
| Sheppard 2013 [22] | Not specified | 19 | 19 | 62 | 61 | 0/19 | 0/19 | 6 | EPA 128 mg + DHA 99 mg + other fatty acid 1185 mg | 9 |
| Oleñik 2013 [23] | MGD | 30 | 31 | 58 | 54 | 9/24 | 9/22 | 3 | EPA 127.5 mg + DHA 1050 mg | 11 |
| Bhargava 2015 a [5] | Contact lens | 240 | 256 | Not specified | Not specified | 6 | EPA 720 mg + DHA 480 mg | 60 | ||
| Bhargava 2015 b [24] | Visual display terminal users | 220 | 236 | 22.8 | 23.7 | Total: 219/237 | 3 | EPA 360 mg + DHA 240 mg | 60 | |
| Malhotra 2015 [25] | MGD | 30 | 30 | 53.3 | 53.6 | 13/17 | 19/11 | 3 | EPA 720 mg + DHA 480 mg | 60 |
| Bhargava 2016 a [26] | Rosacea | 65 | 65 | 47.7 | 48.9 | 25/40 | 27/38 | 6 | EPA 720 mg + DHA 480 mg | 60 |
| Bhargava 2016 b [27] | Visual display terminal users | 256 | 266 | 28.9 | 29.6 | Not specified | 1.5 | EPA 1440 mg + DHA 960 mg | 60 | |
| Epitropoulos 2016 [28] | MGD | 54 | 51 | 57 | 56.5 | 16/38 | 14/37 | 3 | EPA 1680 mg + DHA 560 mg | 75 |
| Chinnery 2017 [29] | Not specified | 8 | 4 | 42 | 46 | 2/6 | 1/3 | 3 | EPA 1000 mg + DHA 500 mg | 67 |
| Deinema 2017 [30] | Not specified | 37 | 17 | 40.8 | 46.2 | 15/22 | 3/14 | 3 | Fish oil (EPA 1000 mg + DHA 500 mg) | 67 |
| Krill oil (EPA 945 mg + DHA 510 mg) | 65 | |||||||||
| Goyal 2017 [31] | LASIK-associated | 30 | 30 | 23.6 | 23.6 | Total: 27/33 | 3 | EPA 720 mg + DHA 480 mg | 60 | |
| DREAM 2018 [9] | Not specified | 349 | 186 | 58.3 | 57.5 | 65/284 | 36/150 | 12 | EPA 2000 mg + DHA 1000 mg | 67 |
| Hussain 2019 [32] | Not specified | 22 | 21 | 58.2 | 58.4 | 3/19 | 4/17 | 12 | EPA 2000 mg + DHA 1000 mg | 67 |
| Park 2020 [33] | Cataract surgery-associated | 32 | 34 | 64.6 | 66.3 | 12/20 | 12/22 | 2 | EPA 1680 mg + DHA 560 mg | 75 |
| Woods J 2022 [34] | Not specified | 24 | 26 | 32 | 35 | 3/21 | 11/15 | 3 | EPA 1200 mg + DHA 300 mg | 80 |
| Bhargava 2023 [35] | Visual display terminal users | 470 | 480 | 6.5 | 25.8 | 225/255 | 242/238 | 6 | EPA 1440 mg + DHA 960 mg | 60 |
Abbreviation: M = Male; F = Female; EPA = Eicosapentaenoic Acid; DHA = Docosahexaenoic Acid; MGD = Meibomian Gland Dysfunction; LASIK = Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis.