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Proportion meta-analysis of overtreatment among overdiagnosed individuals, according to GOLD and LLN definition [8,19,20,23,25,26,39,46,50,51,53,54,55,56]. ES = Effect Size (% of overtreatment); CI: Confidence Interval; COPD: Clinically Diagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; LLN: Lower limit of normal; I2: level of heterogeneity.
