Table 2.
| Longitudinal studies | |||||||||||
| First author name, year | Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined? | Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? | Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way? | Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition? | Were confounding factors identified? | Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? | Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way? | Was appropriate statistical analysis used? | Was the follow up time reported and sufficient to be long enough for outcomes to occur? | Was the follow up complete, and if not, were the reasons for loss to follow up described and explored? | Were strategies to address incomplete follow up utilized? |
| Ando-Tanabe et al., 2014 [20] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | NA |
| Boele et al., 2014 [23] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | NA | NA | NA |
| Crouch et al., 2022 [24] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | NA | NA | NA |
| Hsu et al., 2021 [22] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | NA | NA |
| Huang et al., 2019 [25] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Yes | NA |
| Jung et al., 2017 [33] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Jung et al., 2020 [34] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Le Rhun et al., 2015 [35] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Merriman et al., 2017 [26] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Unclear |
| Morel et al., 2015 [36] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | NA | NA | NA |
| Paquet et al., 2018 [27] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | NA | NA |
| Phillips et al., 2017 [21] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Shilling et al., 2007 [28] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Small et al., 2019 [29] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | NA | NA | NA |
| Van Dyk et al., 2018 [37] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | NA | NA |
| Vardy et al., 2017 [30] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | NA | NA | NA |
| Vearn-combe et al., 2009 [31] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA |
| Von Ah et al., 2015 [32] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | NA | NA |
| Wirkner et al., 2017 [38] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | NA | NA | NA |