Table 1.
Vote-counting results of the most robust significantly reported metabolites and lipids.
| Polar Metabolite/Lipid | Votes a | Number of Articles | Vote Counting a | FDR | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCC versus HC | |||||
| L-phenylalanine | 6 | 14 | 0.43 | 0.54 | Metabolite |
| L-tyrosine | 7 | 13 | 0.54 | 0.83 | Metabolite |
| L-leucine | 0 | 8 | 0.00 | 1.00 | Metabolite |
| L-serine | 0 | 8 | 0.00 | 1.00 | Metabolite |
| L-tryptophan | −5 | 7 | −0.71 | 0.56 | Metabolite |
| L-glutamic acid | 3 | 7 | 0.43 | 1.00 | Metabolite |
| L-proline | 3 | 7 | 0.43 | 0.82 | Metabolite |
| Ornithine | 2 | 6 | 0.33 | 1.00 | Metabolite |
| Taurine | −2 | 6 | −0.33 | 0.88 | Metabolite |
| Creatine | −1 | 5 | −0.20 | NA | Metabolite |
| Creatinine | −3 | 5 | −0.60 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-alanine | 1 | 5 | 0.20 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-methionine | 3 | 5 | 0.60 | NA | Metabolite |
| Uric acid | 1 | 5 | 0.20 | NA | Metabolite |
| D-glucose | 0 | 4 | 0.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| Glycerol | −2 | 4 | −0.50 | NA | Metabolite |
| Hypoxanthine | 0 | 4 | 0.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-aspartic acid | −2 | 4 | −0.50 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-isoleucine | −2 | 4 | −0.50 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-valine | −2 | 4 | −0.50 | NA | Metabolite |
| Myo-inositol | −2 | 4 | −0.50 | NA | Metabolite |
| Oxoproline | 0 | 4 | 0.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| Phenylalanyl phenylalanine | −4 | 4 | −1.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| Uridine | 0 | 4 | 0.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| LPC (16:0) | −12 | 12 | −1.00 | 0.005 b | Lipid |
| Glycocholic acid | 13 | 15 | 0.87 | 0.007 b | Lipid |
| LPC (18:0) | −11 | 11 | −1.00 | 0.004 b | Lipid |
| Glycochenodeoxycholic acid | 9 | 9 | 1.00 | 0.013 b | Lipid |
| LPC (18:1) | −9 | 9 | −1.00 | 0.010 b | Lipid |
| LPC (20:4) | −9 | 9 | −1.00 | 0.009 b | Lipid |
| LPC (18:2) | −10 | 12 | −0.83 | 0.012 b | Lipid |
| LPC (14:0) | −8 | 8 | −1.00 | 0.013 b | Lipid |
| LPC (20:3) | −7 | 7 | −1.00 | 0.023 b | Lipid |
| LPC (20:5) | −7 | 7 | −1.00 | 0.020 b | Lipid |
| LPC (22:6) | −7 | 7 | −1.00 | 0.018 b | Lipid |
| Taurocholic acid | 6 | 6 | 1.00 | 0.034 b | Lipid |
| CAR (10:0) | −6 | 6 | −1.00 | 0.031 b | Lipid |
| CAR (18:1) | 5 | 5 | 1.00 | NA | Lipid |
| PC (32:1) | 5 | 5 | 1.00 | NA | Lipid |
| LPC (17:0) | −5 | 5 | −1.00 | NA | Lipid |
| PC (38:6) | −5 | 5 | −1.00 | NA | Lipid |
| FA (18:1) | 4 | 6 | 0.67 | NA | Lipid |
| FA (18:2) | 4 | 6 | 0.67 | NA | Lipid |
| CAR (2:0) | 3 | 5 | 0.60 | NA | Lipid |
| CAR (8:0) | −3 | 5 | −0.60 | NA | Lipid |
| FA (20:4) | 0 | 8 | 0.00 | NA | Lipid |
| CAR (16:1) | 4 | 4 | 1.00 | NA | Lipid |
| CAR (18:2) | 4 | 4 | 1.00 | NA | Lipid |
| FA (16:1) | 4 | 4 | 1.00 | NA | Lipid |
| PC (32:0) | 4 | 4 | 1.00 | NA | Lipid |
| Taurochenodesoxycholic acid | 4 | 4 | 1.00 | NA | Lipid |
| FA (22:6) | 2 | 4 | 0.50 | NA | Lipid |
| CAR (16:0) | 0 | 4 | 0.00 | NA | Lipid |
| Oleamide | 0 | 4 | 0.00 | NA | Lipid |
| PE (38:6) | 0 | 4 | 0.00 | NA | Lipid |
| FA (20:5) | −2 | 4 | −0.50 | NA | Lipid |
| LPC (15:0) | −4 | 4 | −1.00 | NA | Lipid |
| LPC (18:3) | −4 | 4 | −1.00 | NA | Lipid |
| HCC versus LC | |||||
| L-glutamic acid | 7 | 7 | 1.00 | 0.0312 b | Metabolite |
| L-phenylalanine | −1 | 7 | −0.14 | 1 | Metabolite |
| L-serine | 3 | 5 | 0.60 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-valine | 5 | 5 | 1.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-isoleucine | 2 | 4 | 0.50 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-methionine | 0 | 4 | 0.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-proline | 0 | 4 | 0.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-tyrosine | −2 | 4 | −0.50 | NA | Metabolite |
| 1-methyladenosine | 3 | 3 | 1.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| 2-hydroxybutyric acid | 3 | 3 | 1.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| Citric acid | −1 | 3 | −0.33 | NA | Metabolite |
| Creatine | 1 | 3 | 0.33 | NA | Metabolite |
| Glycerol | −1 | 3 | −0.33 | NA | Metabolite |
| Glycine | 1 | 3 | 0.33 | NA | Metabolite |
| Hypoxanthine | 3 | 3 | 1.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-alanine | 3 | 3 | 1.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-aspartic acid | 3 | 3 | 1.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| Ornithine | 3 | 3 | 1.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| Uric acid | −1 | 3 | −0.33 | NA | Metabolite |
| Xanthine | −1 | 3 | −0.33 | NA | Metabolite |
| FA (18:2) | 4 | 6 | 0.67 | NA | Lipid |
| LPC (18:0) | 1 | 5 | 0.20 | NA | Lipid |
| CAR (2:0) | 2 | 4 | 0.50 | NA | Lipid |
| FA (18:1) | 4 | 4 | 1.00 | NA | Lipid |
| Glycocholic acid | −4 | 4 | −1.00 | NA | Lipid |
| LPC (16:0) | 2 | 4 | 0.50 | NA | Lipid |
| LPC (18:2) | −4 | 4 | −1.00 | NA | Lipid |
| CAR (0:0) | 3 | 3 | 1.00 | NA | Lipid |
| CAR (18:1) | −1 | 3 | −0.33 | NA | Lipid |
| FA (18:3) | 1 | 3 | 0.33 | NA | Lipid |
| FA (20:4) | 1 | 3 | 0.33 | NA | Lipid |
| LPE (16:0) | 1 | 3 | 0.33 | NA | Lipid |
| LC versus HC | |||||
| L-phenylalanine | 5 | 9 | 0.56 | 0.36 | Metabolite |
| L-serine | 0 | 6 | 0.00 | 1 | Metabolite |
| L-tyrosine | 4 | 6 | 0.67 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-glutamic acid | −3 | 5 | −0.60 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-methionine | 4 | 4 | 1.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| Bilirubin | 3 | 3 | 1.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| Glycine | −1 | 3 | −0.33 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-aspartic acid | −1 | 3 | −0.33 | NA | Metabolite |
| L-proline | −1 | 3 | −0.33 | NA | Metabolite |
| Ornithine | 3 | 3 | 1.00 | NA | Metabolite |
| FA (18:2) | 1 | 5 | 0.2 | NA | Lipid |
| FA (20:4) | −1 | 5 | −0.2 | NA | Lipid |
| FA (18:0) | 2 | 4 | 0.5 | NA | Lipid |
| Glycochenodeoxycholic acid | 4 | 4 | 1 | NA | Lipid |
| Glycocholic acid | 4 | 4 | 1 | NA | Lipid |
| CAR (2:0) | 3 | 3 | 1 | NA | Lipid |
| FA (16:1) | 3 | 3 | 1 | NA | Lipid |
| FA (18:1) | 3 | 3 | 1 | NA | Lipid |
| LPC (16:0) | −3 | 3 | −1 | NA | Lipid |
| LPC (18:0) | −3 | 3 | −1 | NA | Lipid |
| LPC (18:2) | −3 | 3 | −1 | NA | Lipid |
| LPC (22:6) | −3 | 3 | −1 | NA | Lipid |
Three comparisons were performed: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) vs. healthy control (HC), HCC vs. liver cirrhosis (LC), and LC vs. HC. a A positive value indicates the final upregulated direction of the reported metabolites/lipids, whereas a negative value indicates the final downregulated direction of the reported metabolites/lipids. b A significant trend by the two-sided sign test with FDR < 0.05. FA: fatty acid, LPC: lysophosphatidylcholine, LPE: lysophosphatidylethanolamine, PC: phosphatidylcholine, PE: phosphatidylethanolamine, CAR: acylcarnitine, NA: not applicable, FDR: false-discovery rate.